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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 main sources of ammonia?
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1. Intestinal bacteria
2. oxidative amino acid deamination |
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Where does Urea come from?
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Purine breakdown - Adenosine and Guanosine
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By what 2 ways does Ammonia get removed from the body?
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1. Urea production
2. Excretion |
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What disease states are associated with Ammonia over-production? (3)
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1. Liver disease
2. Reye's syndrome 3. Inborn errors of metabolism (in the urea cycle) |
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What disease states are associated with overproduction of urea? (6)
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1. Gout
2. increased nucleoprotein catabolism 3. Decreased renal function 4. Inherited defects 5. Chemo 6. Diet |
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What 4 methods can be used to determine Ammonia concentration?
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1. Diffusion
2. Ion-exchange 3. Ion-selective electrode 4. Enzymatic |
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What wavelength is NADH measured at?
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340
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What 2 methods can be used for measuring Urea?
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Colorimetric (tungsten blue)
Enzymatic (uricase) |
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What products can be measured in the uricase method for urea?
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Allantoin - at 290 nm
NADH - at 340 nm |
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In what 3 ways is Ammonia neurotoxic?
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1. Causes glutamate depletion
2. Causes cell toxicity 3. Produces a proline analogue |
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What 2 enzymes are involved in Ammonia EXCRETION?
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-Glutamine synthetase
-Glutaminase |
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Why is Reye's syndrome associated with Ammonia buildup?
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By taking aspirin after a virus, it reduces the ability to create Urea from NH3
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What cycle do inborn errors of NH3 metabolism affect?
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The urea cycle - therefore, there is ammonia buildup.
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What 2 preanalytic variables can affect Ammonia measurement?
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-Increased protein diet
-Extreme exercise |
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Regarding Uric Acid disease states, what 3 inherited disorders are related to it?
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-Metabolism defects
-Lesch-Nyhan syndrome -Defective renal tubular transport of Uric acid. |
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What in general causes an increased Uric Acid?
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Increased purine breakdown
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What 2 purines?
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Adenosine
Guanosine -the components of DNA/RNA!!! |
