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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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eyes show a general ...
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state of health and nutritional status
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what is 20/20 vision?
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you can see at 20 feet what most people can see at 20 feet
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what is 20/200 vision?
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you can see at 20 feet what others can see at 200 feet. this is called low vision
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the normal retina:
very defined vasculature, veins & ateries are clear no white spots, not convaluded macula is clear with clear ... |
fluid
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what does BCVA mean?
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best corrected visual accuity of 20/70 to 20/200
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concerning blindness, ___% of all blindness is preventable
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50%
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blindness comes from:
accident injury untreated glaucoma ___________ ___________ biggest risk race |
african americans biggest risk for blindness
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what is 20/400 vision?
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20/400 is to see no light perception vision
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legal blindness is ...
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BCVA best corrected visual accuity < 20/200 in the better eye, or widest visual field is < 20 °
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why are blacks at big risk for blindness?
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b/c of hi HTN & DM causes
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the etiology of blindness (the causes) are:
birth defects infection trauma diabetic retinopathy what else? |
glaucoma
cataracts retinal degeneration |
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symptioms of going blind are like diplopia. what is this?
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double vision
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pain in the eyes, floaters or flashes of light,
burning or itching what else? |
< peripheral vision
Halos sense of pressure change of apperance seeing floats cells in eye exam |
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the eye assessment:
through history interviews central & peripheral vision w/ ADLs what else |
distance & near vision acurity, what makes it better
contrast sensitivity, glare, visual field & refraction |
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objective data
squinting rubbing eyes redness color testing so what? |
what?
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how do you test sight w/ pt w/ Alzheimer's?
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smile and wave from 20 feet and see if they respond
what them walk see what they do hand them something from the side to see if they have peripheral vision see if they can follow an object don't shine light in their eye, check PERRLA by turning light on and off and see if they react. what else? check the 6 visual fields |
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the management of eyesight include:
corrctive lenses medication surgery what else |
laser
magnification aids and strategies etc |
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Nursing care for patients with low vision/blindness. how do you talk to blind people?
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normal tone, don't raise your voice.
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to care for blind people we do:
orient to enviroment keep objects in the same place call by name & introduce self before. . . |
touching them
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Psycosocial issues include:
fear anxiety disoreintatin depression helplessness hopelessness acceptance vision is a HUGE ... |
loss so don't assume they have accepted it
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what are some Nursing Dx concerning blindness?
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fear
grief coping self care social isolation potential for injury |
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what is humor?
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clear liquid inside the eye
produced by ciliary process & passes from posterier to anterior chamber & etc |
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what is vitreous humor?
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a transparent semi solid in the posterior cavity b/t lens and retina
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the ability to focus and refocus is called
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accomodation
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what are some subjective infor assessing eyes?
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any change in vision
same stuff in the notes |
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if pt wore glasses, what would I ask?
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how long you wore them
can you see well with them i see they are tri focal do you use the computer what kind of monitor do you have? crt screens wear out your eyes what do you do at work, weld? |
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the eye lids, what about them...red, swollen, bumps but this is subjective impression. are both eyes straight. pupils same size, what if the eyes bulge?
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hyperthyroid issue
shape of the eyes, cornea clear |
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arcus senilious is the ring around the iris. old people have a harding of the lenses. blue eyed people will all develop ...
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cataracts if they work outside if they don't wear sunglasses. filter out the blue light, not off the rack sunglasses!
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sunk in eyes
the pupils get smaller so less light gets to the eye decreased tearing when we test visual acuity, we use the |
snelling chart 20/20
20 feet away you see what other people see 20 feet away |
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how do you assess color?
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they use Hisahara charts to assess if your color blind
numbers in behind the colored dots |
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remember the anotomic view of the eye, scleara, etc.
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study normal focus
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what is low vision?
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state of vision impairment that requires devices to see like glasses or contact lenses
Best Correct Visual Accuity (BCVA) of 20/70 to 20/200.this is a def of BCVA. |
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difficulty w/ peripheral vision... something like < 20 degrees at the ...
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widest visual field
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how do you rest your eyes (esp those who do close in work?)
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look up and look far away
good eye hygene protect your eyes somehow wear googles OVER your glasses |
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7 eye danger siganls
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persisitent red eyes
continous pain and / or forign body sensation any visual disturbances floating spots (B/P transients one eye goes out and away crossed eyes an eye constantly changing shuttering (a ear issue) any growth on the eye pupil irregularilties crusting or tearing of eyes *************************** |
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def of blindness...
20/400 to no light perception absolute = no light perception why do blacks have a blindness issue |
hypertension and diabetes
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etiology of blindness
birth defects infection trauma what else |
diabetic retinopathy
glaucoma cataracts retinal degeneration trauma |
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symptoms of eye problem
diplopia pain floaters burning |
etc
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to assess:
through history like job, family history, genetic stuff, talk about centeral & periferal vision what else? |
distance & near vision acuity
contrast sensitivity, glare, visual field & refraction |
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nursing care w/ the blind:
use normal tone when talking orient to enviorment keep objects in same place call by name introduce self before touching what else? |
tell when leaving
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psychsocial issues:
fear anxiety disorientation what else |
DEPRESSION
HELPNESS HOPELESSNESS ACEPTANCE |
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learn the flow of aqueous fluid. whts the diff b/t aquous fluid and vitous fluid?
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one holds the shape of the eye and the other does somethng else
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what is the angle of the eye? look at 58...know anatomy and physiology of the eye. Know the anatomy of the eye. first part of tape 2. production and drainage determine IOP.
what is normal IOP |
10-21 mmHg
some will say 12-21 mmHg but stick to 10-21 |
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Glaucoma and the Tonometry
is maj cause for blindness in usa. no cures just controls so our role as nurses is to |
remind them to use their eyedrops.
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diff types of Glaucoma:
open angle (eye looks normal by drainage is inadequate) what else about open angle? |
open angle is painless insidious onset gradual visual changes
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what about closed angle?
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anatomical anomalies that prevent or interfer w/ drainage
painful sudden visual changes |
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open angle again symptoms:
vision changes freq change of glasses IOP>21 mmHg Assessment? |
occular history
tonometry (measures OP Ophthalmoscopy (inspect optic nerve) Gonioscopy (examines filtration angle) Perimetry (visual fields) |
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Mangament of optic nerve damage (once done can't correct)
how? |
medication
laser surgery filtering drainage |
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meds for the eyes are:
Cholinergics (miotics) you don't want to give anticholinergic meds b/c ... |
it dilates the eyes you don't want this. close the angle.
so to drain the auquous. |
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Xalatan increases aquious outflow
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Adrenergic agonist like Propine that reduces production of aqueous humor
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Trusopt what does this do?
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reduce production of aqueous humor
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in OTC eye meds watch for a perservative called Trimenothol or something. and wait _____ minutes before
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using one eye drop and another
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what is an alpha agenerist?
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what???? agonist means helper
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Eye drops nursing implications
pt teaching Aseptic admin timely admin what else |
wait 5 minutes b/f using eye drops
do meds on time hi potential for med errors |
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closed angle Glaucoma:
remember Manatol increase IOP presure, anyway, acute angle closure is a medical emergency why |
pain, sweating, central vision
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risk factors about cataracts:
aging associated ocular conditions toxic factors nutritioal factors physical factors syustemic diseases & syndromes statin drugs like Lipitor can cause catarats!!! so what? |
your going to get catarats anyway
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Symptoms of cataracts:
painless blurring light scattering decreased contrast what else |
sensitivity to glare
reduced light transmission color shifts yellow to brown color shifts absorbs slslledjowefjo |
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diabetic retinopathy
disorder of the retinal capillaries microaneursyms, hemorarrage, etc diabetic retinopathy are what |
small hemorrages in the eye like cotton wool spots or hemorraghes, neovascularization
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what is retinal detachment?
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like getting hit in the head?
retinal detachment. the retina gets lifted. like a curtin hanging down. like a shade or curtain hanging down. could have no pain. its from trauma. |
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
NEED A DIET HI IN CARROT SOMETHING. THE BLACK IN THE BACK OF YOUR EYE IS ... |
PURE VITAMIN A
GREAT FOR VISION CARROTIOIDS ARE LIKE VIT A |
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WET AND DRY MACULAR DEGENERATION. CAN BE TREATED W/ A LASER. 10% CAN BE TREATED W/ A LASER. CAUSED BY A LOSS OF SOMETHING IN THE RETINA. PEOPLE W/ MACULAR DEGENTERATION WILL NEED A ..
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BRIGHT LIGHT TO READ
LIKE THE MAGNIFICATION ON ON THE EYEGLASS IS FOR PERIPHERAL VISION TO MAGNIFY PERIPHERAL VISION. |
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NO tX FOR DRY MACULARIZATON. THEY CAN USE THE AMSLER GRID ONCE THEY HAVE MACULAR DISEASE, HOW?
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YOU LOOK AT THE CENTER DOT W/ ONE EYE COVERED. YOU ASSESS YOURSELF TO SEE IF ANYTHING IS WRONG. YOU USE THIS GRID TO ASSES YOUR VISION DAILY.
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WHAT IS MYOPIA?
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BLURRED DISTANCE VISION. THE KID THAT CAN'T SEE THE BLACKBOARD. ITS NEARSIGHTED EYE
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