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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lay out of chromosome
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short p arm petite and long q arm. telomere ends. centromere middle.
composed of DNA and protein |
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stages of cell cycle
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G1 (make essentials) S (synthesis of DNA) G2 (prepare) M (mitosis)
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whats the stain they put on chromosomes
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giemsa-stain or g-banding
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how many standard karyotypes?
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2. male and female.
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name for non-sex chromosomes
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autosomes
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somatic cells how many bases?
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6 x 10^9
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steps of mitosis
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prophase (condensation)
metaphase (line up in middle, using mt's connected to centrioles or centrosomes) anaphase (disjunction of sister chromatids) telophase (at ends and splitting) cytokinesis |
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meiosis changes what into waht
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germ cells (primary spermatocytes oocytes) to gametes (sperm and ovum)
terminal event |
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similarities between mitosis meiosis (6)
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1x DNA synthesis
sister chromatids nucleus disappears line up in midline centromeres attached to centrosomes via mts daughter cells |
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differences between mitosis meiosis (6)
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diploid/haploid
mutation affects cancer or family 1x vs 2x dividing separating homologs and sister chromatids homolog pair alignment in meiosis crossing over rate |
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compare human and mouse
and chimpanzee |
mouse centromeres at tip
genes are shuffled but in distinct chunks of ours really similar. have "c" chromosome part of our 2 |
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general observations of chromosomes across species
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karyotype species specific
human primate closer than human mouse some DNA conserved in animals and plants gene order in particular spots are similar across species |
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define: ortholog
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a similar gene found across species
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Vitamin C synthesis story
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GULO gene makes ascorbic acid
mice have this. we have a ruined version phi GULO. it's in the same spot relative to other genes |
