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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is mitosis used for |
Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction |
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What is meiosis used for |
Sexual reproduction |
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What is produced from mitosis |
Two genetically identical daughter cells. Diploid cells |
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What is produced from meiosis |
Not genetically identical haploid gametes. (Half the chromosome number) |
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What is a chromosome and a chromatid |
A highly coiled and condensed strand of DNA A chromatid is a condensed chromosome |
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What happens when a chromosome replicates |
It produces an exact copy of itself which it then attaches to |
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Sister chromatid |
Two copies of the same chromosome (because if DNA replication) |
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Where are sister chromatids attached |
The centromere |
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Kinetochore |
Protein on the outside of the centromere that attaches the chromatid to the spindle fibres during cell division |
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Homologous chromosome |
Same chromosome number but from different parents |
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phases of mitosis |
Interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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Describe interphase |
Distinct chromosomes are not visible DNA is uncoiled (chromatin) within nucleus |
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Explain prophase |
Chromatin condenses(chromosomes are visible) Centrioles migrate to opposite sides nucleus disappears Spindle fibres appear and attach to centromere of each chromatid
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the nucleus |
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Anaphase |
SISTER chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Forms daughter chromosomes |
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Telophase and cytokinesis |
Spindle fibres disappear 2 separate nuclear membranes form Chromosomes once again become chromatin.
The physical cell divides in two creating 2 new daughter cells |
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How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals |
Animal cells there is a cleavage furrow and cell pinches in two
Plant cell has a cell wall that Gruen in the middle of the cell. |
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What is meiosis 1 designed to do |
Separate homologous chromosomes |
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Phases of meiosis 1 |
- Interphase: DNA replication occurs - Prophase: sister chromatids condense and pair up. Membrane disappears. Spindle fibres form - metaphase: moth sets of sisters chromatids line up and form tetrad - anaphase: pairs of sister chromatids separate randomly - telophase: each pole will have 46 chromosomes (paired up as sister chromatids) |
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meiosis 2 |
- prophase: sister chromatids are paired up - metaphase: sister chromatids line up randomly (second place of variation)(independent assortment) - anaphase: sister chromatids pulled apart Telophase: each cell has one copy of all 23 chromosomes. Cytokinesis |
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What is synapses |
During prophase 1 homologous chromosomes move close and pair up. Form a tetrad. |
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What is meiosis 2 designed to do |
Separate sister chromatids |
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Crossing-over |
An exchange between portions of the arms of homologous chromosomes. A redistribution of genetic material Occurs during prophase 1 during synapses. |
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3 sources of genetic variation |
Independent assortment of chromosomes Crossing-over Random fertilization |
