Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Carcinoma: metastasizes through lymph nodes?
|
Yes; regional lymph nodes
>> subcapsular sinus >>efferent lymphatics >> thoracic duct >> subclavian >> hematogenous spread |
|
|
Sarcoma: metastasizes through lymph nodes?
|
No.
>> Immediately hematogenous spread. |
|
|
Pt has angiosarcoma of the breast; would you do a radical dissection of the axilla?
|
No, b/c angiosarcoma does not go to the lymph nodes, therefore, do a simple mastectomy.
|
|
|
Pt has carcinoma of the breast; would you do a radical dissection of the axilla?
|
If it is breast carcinoma, take breast and lumpectomy and local axillary lymph nodes and complete the dissection.
|
|
|
Metastasis: lymph or directly hematogenous?
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid |
think of it as a SARCOMA:
>>directly hematogenous |
|
|
Metastasis: lymph or directly hematogenous?
Renal adenocarcinoma |
>> hematogenous
goes to renal veins (determines prognosis) |
|
|
Metastasis: lymph or directly hematogenous?
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
>> directly hematogenous
(likes to attack vessels) |
|
|
3 Mechanisms for Metastasis
|
1) Lymphatic
2) Hematogenous 3) Seeding |
|
|
How do ovarian cancers metastasize?
|
Seeding.
>> usually to pouch of douglas |
|
|
Where are endometrial implants from endometriosis commonly found?
|
Pouch of douglas
(seeding, but not malignant) |
|
|
How do periph lung cancers metastasize?
|
Seeds into pleural cavity
|
|
|
How does glioblastoma multiforme metastasize?
|
Adults: most common malignancy of brain
>> Seeds into CSF, implanting into spinal cord. |
|
|
How does medulloblastoma metastasize?
|
Kids
>> Seeds into CSF, implanting into spinal cord. |
|
|
Lung: MC cancer is...
|
metastasis from the breast cancer. Therefore, MC cancer in the lung is breast cancer. Therefore, women are more likely to get lung cancer.
|
|
|
Bone: MC cancer in bone is
|
metastasis (not multiple myeloma or osteogenic sarcoma).
>>MC cancer that metastasis to bone is breast cancer b/c the batsom system; it is a venous complex going from base of the skull down to the sacrum, and has no valves in it. The little tributaries communicate with the vena cava and also go right into the vertebral bodies. Then they collect around the spinal cord and go up. |
|
|
where does a cancer that's mets to bone go?
|
TO:
>>vertebral coloumn #1 >> head of femur #2 (in a woman, this is due to breast cancer – ie breast cancer in head of femur, when they thought it was degenerative arthritis). |
|
|
Liver: MC cancer of liver =
|
metastasis from LUNG into liver
(not colon – colon is 2nd b/c portal vein drainage). |
|
|
To which lymph nodes would testicular cancer metastasize first?
|
>>Paraortic lymph nodes
NOT the inguinal lymph nodes b/c testicles are derived from the abdomen, and then descended. Example: seminoma (malignant) will metastasize to paraortic nodes b/c of where it came from originally (abdomen) |
|
|
The MC primary metastasize to Virchow’s node (L supra-clavicular node) =
|
>>stomach cancer!
There is a mass in the left supraclavicular nodes along with wt loss and epigastric distress. |
|
|
Lytic Metastasis leads to...
|
>>pathologic fractures and hypercalcemia.
Multiple myeloma with punched out lesions b/c all malignant plasma cells have IL-1 in them (aka osteoclast activating factor) |
|
|
Blastic metastasis leads to...
|
>>alkaline phosphatase will be elevated.
Example: this is a male with prostate cancer (prostate cancer is blastic!); it is making bone and will release alkaline phosphatase |
|
|
MC cancer brain
|
metastasis
|
|
|
MC cancer killer in men and women
|
Lung cancer
|
|
|
MC primary site for cancer that's metastasized to brain
|
lung
|
|
|
MC cancer in lung
|
mets from breast
|
|
|
MC mets to adrenal
|
>> Lung– therefore they always do a CT of the hilar lymph nodes, and adrenal glands in the staging of all lung cancers
|
|
|
MC Cancer of Bone
|
>>blastic
therefore the most likely cause is prostate cancer. |
