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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what 2 bact. inactivate EF-2
what is mech |
Cornybacterium
Pseudomonas ADP ribosylation of EF-2; inhibits protein synthesis |
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mech. of toxicity in psudeomonas and cornybacterium
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inactivate EF-2 via ADP ribosylation;
inhibits protein syntheseis |
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what bac. has exotoxin A
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pseudomonas
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mech of heat labile vs heat stable ETEC
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labile (LT): activates adenylate cyclase via ADP ribosylation of Gs
stabile (ST): activates guanylate cyclase |
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what is mech of shiga toxin
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inactivates 28s RNA via
RNA N-glycosidase |
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what bacteria and toxin activate adenylate cyclase via ADP ribosylation of Gs?
what about Gi? |
Gs = vibrio cholera; Heat labile enterotoxin of E coli
Gi = bortadella pertussis |
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bortadella pertussis toxicity via what mec?
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activate adenylate cyclase via ADP ribosylation of Gi
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vibrio cholera mech
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activate adenylate cyclase via ADP ribosylation of Gs
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zinc dependent proteases cleave VAMP... what bact do you think of?
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Clostridium
tetani - blocks release of GABA and glycine botulinim - blocks release of Ach |
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bacillus antracis mech
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calmodulin dependent calcium activation that inc. cAMP, lethal edema
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calmodulin dependent calcium activation that inc. cAMP, lethal edema
what bacteria |
bacillus anthracis
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modifies cytoseleton of target cell by glucosylating RhoA
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c difficile
causes disaggregation of actin filaments |
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name 4 bact with toxins that activate second messenger systems
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bortadella
bacillus E coli Vibrio cholera |
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techoic acid is found in what kind of bacteria
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gram +
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what is only found in gram + bacteria
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techoic acid
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silver stain - what bacteria
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legionella
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what bact. DO NOT stain?
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mycoplasma
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chalmydia stain
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immunofluroescent
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what are the gram - lactose fermenters
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Club E coli
(E Coli and Klebsiella) |
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what are the Oxidase + vs Oxidase - NON lactose fermenting gram - bacteria
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oxidase + = pseudomonas
oxidase - = SSP shigella, salmonella, proteus |
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cornybacterium medium
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tellurite agar
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what grows on mac conkeys agar
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gram - lactose fermenters (eg. e coli, klebsiella)
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what bac are found in pairs and chains
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streptococci
strePtoCocci |
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M protein
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virulence factor for S. pyogenes
part of cell wall that inhibits opsonization and complement activation; host antibodies are directed against M protein; S |
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streptolysins S and O
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can cause hematopoetic cell death (ASO titer is also target forhost cell abs)
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what casues scarlet fever
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s. pyogenes exotoxin
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fxn of streptokinases
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mediate rapid spread through host tissue
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sore throat
sandpaper rash starts on trunk and spreads outward. NOt on palms, face, soles. |
scarlet fever; strep pyotenes
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what are 2 main infxns of strep pyogenes
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skin and soft tissue
pharyngitis (also kinda toxic shock syndrome) |
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impetigo? what bac can cause this
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seen in children; colonization of upper epidermis characterised by perioral vesicular blistered lesions that eventually develop honey colored crust
strep pyogenes |
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main effect of rheumatic fever in heart
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pancarditis initially, later on, valvular damage;
tx: patients placed on life long abs for prophylaxis |
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S pyogenes is sensitive to what drugs?
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penicillin
macrolides |
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commo cause of UTI in preggers?
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S. agalactiae
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Main bact causing neonatal septiemia and meningitis
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Group B Strep (eg. S. agalactiae);
Give Ab therapy to babies if you suspect meningitis: amoxicillin (to cover listeria and group B strep) and gentamicin or cefotaxime |
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women with + Grop B strep infexn are given what before going into labor
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penicillin or ampicillin as prophylaxis
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S viridans is resistant to what?
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optichin
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what bact causes dental careis
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S. mutans
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bact assoc with GI malignancy
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S. bovis
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tx for enterococci, what if they are resistant to this tx, what other three drugs can you try?
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1. vancomycin
if Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci, try linezolid, synercid Nitrofurantoin to treat VRE urintary tract infxns |
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mc cause of pneumonia in adults
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strep pneumo
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positive quellung reaction
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strep pneumo
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mc cause of meningitis in adults
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s pneumo
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what does staphlokinase do?
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it dissolves fibrin clots (also called fibrinolysin)
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how do superantigens work
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they cause massive nonspecific overtimullation of immune system by CROSS LINKING MHC CLASS II moleculse on APCs
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only food poisoning to start within hours is what bact
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s. aureus
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desquamating rash of palms and soles
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TSST (s aureus)
nonspecific activation of T cells |
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what causes osteomyeltits
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in normal people: s. aureus
in sickle cell pts: salmonella |
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what causes septic arthritis
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in kids and elderly, S. aureus
in sexually active age group, N. gonorrhea |
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weil felix reaction, positive for what, negative for what
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used to look for anti-ricketsial abs that cross reacy with Proteus antigen.
(+) in Rocky Mt Spotted Fever and Typhus, (-) for Q fever |
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chlamydial cell wall is unusual in that it lacks.......
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muramic acid
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mc cause blindness in africa
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chlamydia
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cause of atypical walking pneymonia common in military recruit camps etc
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mycoplasma pneumoniae - no cell wall so it wont staine
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only protozoa std; cheezy exudate; pear shaped with flagella
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trichomonas vaginalis
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rural latin america - what mycoses
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paracocciodiodomycoses
captains wheel appearance |
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tx for superficial candida,vs systemic candida
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superficial = nystatin
systemic = amphoteracin B |
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what do you culture on Sabourads agar
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cryptococcus
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latex agglutination of this fungus tests for polysaccharide capsular anigen; soap bubble lesions in brain
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crypto;
stains with india ink |
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pseudohyphae and budding yests at 20 degrees; germ tubes at 37degrees
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candida
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45 degree branching septate hyphae
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aspergillus
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irregular nonseptate hyphae with wide angles
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mucor; mostly affects ketoacidotic diabetics and leukemic patients; proliferate in walls of blood vessels, also cause frontal lobe abscesses
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aids pt with atypical pneumonia and cyanosis
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pneumocystis jiroveci
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what is treatment for pneumocysitis jiroveci
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TMP SMX; pentamidine; dapsone
start prophylaxis when CD4 < 200; view with gomori meth silver stain or diret fluroescent antibody test |
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ascending lymphangitis; cigar shapped budding yeast
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sporothrix schenckii; tx is itraconazole or potsssium iodide
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premature neonate in respiratory distress; silver staining cysts and surfactant rich in exudate. what disease do you ALWAYS think of
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pneumocystis jiroveci;
rich exudate due to replication of type II pneymocytes. |
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epitloggitis; otitis media; meningitis in UNVACCINATED kid
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H flu
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most common cuase otitis media and pneumonia
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s. pneumo
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maltese cross; northeastern US; transferred via ioxodes tick
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babesia;
tx is quinine, clindamycin |
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cysts in meat or cat feces; preggers should avoid cat litter bc of what disease
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toxoplasma gondii
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mc cause pseudoappendicites
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yersinia enterocolityica
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swimming in fresh water lakes; amoebas in spinal fluid; enter via cribriform plate; rapdily fatal due to BRAIN INVOLVEMENT
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naegleria fowleri
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usuall cause of intestinal amoebiasis; ingested RBCs and nuclei with central karyosomes; liver abscess; right upper quadrant pain; bloody diarrhea; invades colonic mucosa and makes shallow ulcers;
trophiosozites or cysts in stoool; |
entamoeba hystolitica
tx is metronidazole and iodoquinol |
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tx for toxoplasma gondi
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sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
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tx: quinine and clindamycin. what is oraganism
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Babesia
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tx: metroidazole and iodoquinol
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entamoeba hystolitycia
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tx: sulfasalazine and pyrimethamine; Aids pt. what is bug?
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toxoplasma gondii
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flukes and worms, treat with
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praziquantel
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westermani, think __________
haematabulum think _____ |
westermani = lung
hemotabulum = bladder (cancer) |
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perianal pruitis
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enterobius
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mc cause sporadic encephalitis in us
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HSV 1
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