1-Liners: Pharm- Block 1

Front 1

time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value; this is constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

Back 1

half life (T1/2)

Front 2

relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

Back 2

volume of distribution (VD)

Front 3

plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

Back 3

Cp

Front 4

the ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

Back 4

clearance (CL)

Front 5

the elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation

Back 5

first pass effect

Front 6

the fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Back 6

bioavailability (F)

Front 7

when the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Back 7

steady state

Front 8

this step of metabolism makes a drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination

Back 8

phase I

Front 9

different steps in phase I

Back 9

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Front 10

inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)

Back 10

barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin

Front 11

inhibitors of CYP450

Back 11

cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid, and grapefruit

Front 12

products of phase II conjugation

Back 12

glucuronate, acetic acid, glutathione sulfate

Front 13

type of kinetics when a constant percentage of substrate is metabolized per unit time

Back 13

first order kinetics

Front 14

drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration

Back 14

zero order kinetics

Front 15

target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)

Back 15

loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))

Front 16

concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)

Back 16

maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

Front 17

strength of interaction between drug and its receptor

Back 17

affinity

Front 18

selectivity of a drug for its receptor

Back 18

specificity

Front 19

amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength

Back 19

potency

Front 20

maximum response achieveable from a drug

Back 20

efficacy

Front 21

ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency

Back 21

full agonist

Front 22

ability to produce less than 100% of the response

Back 22

partial agonist

Front 23

ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system

Back 23

competitive antagonist

Front 24

class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist

Back 24

noncompetitive antagonist

Front 25

a hormone whose mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors

Back 25

thyroid and steroid hormones

Front 26

a hormone whose MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors

Back 26

insulin

Front 27

class of drugs whose MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels

Back 27

benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers

Front 28

median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population

Back 28

ED50

Front 29

median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population

Back 29

TD50

Front 30

dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

Back 30

LD50

Front 31

window between therapeutic effect and toxic effec

Back 31

therapeutic index

Front 32

term for a high margin of safety

Back 32

high therapeutic index

Front 33

term for a narrow margin of safety

Back 33

low therapeutic index

Front 34

antidote used for lead poisoning

Back 34

dimercaprol, EDTA

Front 35

antidote used for cyanide poisoning

Back 35

nitrites

Front 36

antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning

Back 36

physostigmine

Front 37

antidote used for organophosphate/antichoinesterase poisoning

Back 37

atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Front 38

antidote used for iron salt toxicity

Back 38

deferoxamine

Front 39

antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity

Back 39

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Front 40

antidote for arsenic, mercury, lead, and gold poisoning

Back 40

dimercaprol

Front 41

antidote used in poisonings: copper (wilson's disease), lead, mercury, and arsenic

Back 41

penicillamine

Front 42

antidote used for heparin overdose

Back 42

protamine

Front 43

antidose used for warfarin toxicity

Back 43

vitamin K and fresh frozen flasma (FFP)

Front 44

antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase

Back 44

aminocaproic acid

Front 45

antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol

Back 45

ethanol or fomepizole

Front 46

antidote used for opioid toxicity

Back 46

naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)

Front 47

antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity

Back 47

flumazenil

Front 48

antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants

Back 48

sodium bicarbonate

Front 49

antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 49

100% O2 and hyperbaric O2

Front 50

antidote used for digitalis toxicity

Back 50

digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. is arrhythmic)

Front 51

antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. metaproterenol)

Back 51

esmolol

Front 52

antidote for methotrexate toxicity

Back 52

leucovorin

Front 53

antidote for beta-blockers an hypoglycemia

Back 53

glucagon

Front 54

antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes

Back 54

magnesium sulfate

Front 55

antidote for hyperkalemia

Back 55

sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

Front 56

antidote for salicylate intoxication

Back 56

alkalinize urine, dialysis