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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CAPVT XXV
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Infinitives; Indirect Statement
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present active infinitive
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endings: -are, -ere, -ere, -ire. Example: agere = to lead
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present passive infinitive
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endings: -ari, -eri, i, -iri. Example: agi = to be led
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perfect active infinitive
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perfect stem + -isse. Example: egisse = to have led
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perfect passive infinitive
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perfect passive participle + esse. Example: actus, a, um + esse = to have been led
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future active infinitive
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future active participle + esse. Example: acturus, -a, -um esse = to be about to lead, to be going to lead
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future passive infinitive
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[supine in -um + Iri]. Example: actum iri = to be about to be led, to be going to be led
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An INDIRECT STATEMENT
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simply reports indirectly (i.e., not in direct quotation) what someone has said, thought, felt, etc. In English we regularly put such indirect statements into a subordinate clause introduced by "that": The teacher says that Julia is a good student. Latin, on the other hand, uses no introductory word for "that" and employs an infinitive phrase with an accusative subject, instead of a clause:
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The teacher says that Julia is a good student.
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Magister dicit Iuliam esse discipulam bonam.
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The teacher says that Julia was a good student.
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Magister dixit Iuliam esse discipulam bonam.
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Julia thinks that she (herself) is a good student.
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Iulia putat se esse bonam discipulam.
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Dicunt eum iuvare eam
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They say that he is helping her
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Dicunt eum iuvisse eam
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They say that he helped/was helping her
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Dicunt eum iuturum esse eam
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They say that he will help her
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Dixerunt eum iuvare eam
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They said that he was helping her
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Dixerunt eum iuvisse eam
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They said that he had helped her
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Dixerunt eum iuturum esse eam
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They said that he would help her
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Dicent eum iuvare eam
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They will say that he is helping her
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Dicent eum iuvisse eam
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They will say that he helped/ was helping her
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Dicent eum iuturum esse eam
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They will say that he will help her
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Gaius dicit se iuvisse eam
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Gaius says that he (Gaius) helped her
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Gaius dixit eum iuvisse eam
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Gaius said that he (Marcus) had helped her
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Gaius dicit litteras a se scriptas esse
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Gaius said that the letter was written by him (Gaius)
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Gaius dicit litteras tibi scribendas esse
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Gaius says that the letter ought to be written by you (or better, that you ought to read the letter)
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Discipuli putant se linguam Latinam amaturos esse
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The (male) students think that they will love the Latin language
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Magistra scivit discipulas Latinam amaturas esse
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The teacher knew that the (female) students would love Latin
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cum amico id scripsit
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he wrote it with his friend --- ablative of accompaniment [use CUM]
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magna cum cura id scripsit
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he wrote it with great care --- ablative of manner [optional use of CUM]
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in urbe id scripsit
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he wrote it in the city --- ablative of place where [use IN or SUB]
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ex urbe id misit
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he sent it from the city --- ablative of place from which [use AB, DE or EX]
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ab urbe eos prohibuit
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he kept them from the city --- ablative of separation [use AB, DE or EX]
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ab amico id scriptum est
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it was written by his friend --- ablative of personal agent [use AB]
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tres ex navibus discesserunt
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three of the ships departed --- ablative with cardinal numbers [use EX or DE]
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sua manu id scripsit
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he wrote it with his own hand --- ablative of means [NO PREPOSITION]
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magna cura id scripsit
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he wrote it with great care --- ablative of manner [optional use of CUM]
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eo tempore id scripsit
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he wrote it at that time --- ablative of time when or within which [NO PREPOSITION]
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una hora id scripsit
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he wrote it in an hour --- ablative of time when or within which [NO PREPOSITION]
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metu eos liberavit
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he freed them from fear --- ablative of separation [NO PREPOSITION]
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amor laudis
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love of praise --- objective genitive
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spes salutis
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hope for safety --- objective genitive
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