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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is differentiation? |
The process by which cells change to perform specialized functions |
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How does differentiation occur? What is it controlled by? |
Controlled by genes. Genes are expressed (turned on) or not expressed (turned off) |
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What is a stem cell? |
A cell that is able to differentiate into more than one type of cell |
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What are the types of stem cells? |
Embryonic and tissue stem cells |
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Where are embryonic stem cells present? Describe their differentiation capabilities. |
Embryonic stem cells are found in a growing embryo. They are pluripotent as they can differentiate into any type of cell |
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tissue stem cells. Describe their differentiation capabilities. |
Tissue stem cells are multipotent as they can only differentiate into the type of cell found in a particular tissue type. e.g blood stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into red blood cells, platelets, phagocytes and lymphocytes |
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What is a somatic cell? |
Any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction |
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What are germline cells? |
Germline cells are gametes and the stem cells that divide to form gametes |
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What type of division do somatic cells and germline cells undergo? |
Somatic - mitosis Germline - mitosis and meiosis |
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What kind of cells do germline cells that undergo mitosis produce? |
Diploid cells (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) |
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What kind of cells do germline cells that undergo meiosis produce? |
Haploid gametes cells. |
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What are the 4 types of somatic cells? |
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nerve |
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What are some therapeutic uses for stem cells? |
Cornea graft, skin graft |
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What are some ethical issues of using embryonic stem cells |
It involves the destruction of embryos. |
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What makes cancer cells different from somatic cells? |
Cancer cells do not respond to regulatory signals. Their growth is excessive and uncontrollable. |
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How are tumours formed? |
When cancer cells grow excessively and join to form a mass of abnormal cells. |
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How are secondary tumours formed? |
When cells within a tumour fail to attach and spread to other parts of the body to grow another tumour. |
