1 A Uhcl Biochem Ii Exam2.1 - All Other Questions

Front 1

--- Competitive ---
1) Graph?
2) What is the same?
3) What is different?

Back 1

2) Vmax
3) Km

Front 2

a) The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)?
1) is a mixed function oxidase,
2) is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum,
3) requires NADPH,
4) requires O2,
5) all of the above,
6) none of the above.

Back 2

5) all of the above,

Front 3

--- Uncompetitive ---
1) Graph?
2) What is the same?
3) What is different?

Back 3

2) nothing
3) Km Vmax

Front 4

g ) Which carbohydrate is a “so-called” reducing sugar?
1) sucrose,
2) trehalose,
3) lactose,
4) maltose,
5) both 1) and 2) above,
6) both 3) and 4) above.

Back 4

6) both 3) and 4) above.

Front 5

--- Pure Non-Competitive ---
1) Graph?
2) What is the same?
3) What is different?

Back 5

2) Km
3) Vmax

Front 6

h) Lactose is hydrolyzed by the catalytic active of lactase to generate?
1) glucose only,
2) glucose and galactose,
3) glucose and fructose,
4) fructose only,
5) fructose and mannose,
6) none of the above.

Back 6

2) glucose and galactose,

Front 7

Back 7

Pure
Non-Competitive

Front 8

i) Which of the following energy sources provides about 7 kcal/g?
1) proteins,
2) fats,
3) carbohydrates,
4) alcohol,
5) both 1) and 2) above,
6) none of the above.

Back 8

4) alcohol = 7
fats = 9
carbs =4

Front 9

Back 9

Uncompetitive
mixed

Front 10

k) Which of the following may serve as a precursor for the synthesis of new glucose?
1) acetoacetic acid,
2) ethanol,
3) palmitic acid (16:0),
4) acetyl-S-CoA,
5) all of the above,
6) none of the above.

Back 10

6) none of the above.

Front 11

Back 11

Competitive

Front 12

m) A Hill plot may give us information about the following:
1) h, the number of binding sites on a protein,
2) Kh, the binding constant for a ligand binding to a protein,
3) whether a plot is hyperbolic or sigmoidal,
4) all of the above,
5) none of the above.

Back 12

4) all of the above,

Front 13

--- Mixed Competition ---
1) Graph?
2) What is the same?
3) What is different?

Back 13

2) none
3) Vmax Km

Front 14

n) An enzyme exhibiting negative homotropic cooperativity?
1) should give an h value less than 1,
2) should exhibit neither hyperbolic or sigmoidal kinetics,
3) may be consistent with the Koshland model,
4) is inconsistent with the MWC model,
5) all of the above,
6) none of the above.

Back 14

5) all of the above,

Front 15

Back 15

Uncompetitive

Front 16

b) What is the approximate KM for the control?
1) 5 mM, 2) -0.5 mM, 3) 0.5 μmol/min,
4) -0.2 mM, 5) 2 μmol/min 6) none of the above.

Back 16

1) 5 mM,

Front 17

What units are Kcat in?
AKA...

Back 17

reciprocal time --- s-1
turnover number

Front 18

c) What is the approximate Vmax for the control?
1) 5 μM/min, 2) 5 mM, 3) 0.5 μM/min,
4) 100 μM/min, 5) 20 mM, 6) none of the above.

Back 18

3) 0.5 μM/min,

Front 19

How is Kcat calculated?

Back 19

Vmax
----------
[ET]

ET=total enzyme

Front 20

d) What type inhibitor is I?
1) competitive, 2) uncompetitive, 3) pure-noncompetitive,
4) mixed, 5) all of the above, 6) none of the above.

Back 20

1) competitive,

Front 21

Kcat is the measure of...

Back 21

enzyme's catalytic efficiency @ saturation

Front 22

e) What is the approximate value for KI or KI’?
1) 0.2 mM, 2) 2 min-1, 3) 3 mM,
4) 5 μM/min, 5) 20 mM, 6) none of the above.

Back 22

6) none of the above.

Front 23

--- Specificity Constant ---
What are the units?
How is it calculated?

Back 23

sex-1 M-1

Kcat
-------
Km

Front 24

f) If [ET] = 0.025 μM, kcat is about?
1) 2 mM, 2) 2 min-1, 3) 0.2 μM/min,
4) 20 min-1, 5) 5 μM/min, 6) none of the above.

Back 24

4) 20 min-1,

Front 25

The *** is more useful for comparing catalytic efficiencies under real-life cellular conditions.

Back 25

specificity constant

Front 26

j) The observed curves are indicative of:
1) a Michaelis-Menten type enzyme,
2) a K-series enzyme, 3) a V-series enzyme,
4) all of the above, 5) none of the above.

Back 26

3) a V-series enzyme,

Front 27

--- Pure Non-Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI?

Back 27

Front 28

l) The equation below is characteristic of what type inhibitor?
1) competitive, 2) uncompetitive, 3) non-competitive,
4) mixed, 5) all of the above, 6) none of the above.

Back 28

2) uncompetitive

Front 29

--- Mixed Non-Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI?

Back 29

Front 30

r) Consider the equation:
If h = 2, this equation predicts what type of ligand binding curve?
1) hyperbolic, 2) sigmoidal, 3) neither hyperbolic or sigmoidal,
4) linear, 5) none of the above.

Back 30

2) sigmoidal

Front 31

--- Uncompetitive ---
What is the formula for KI?

Back 31

Front 32

o) According to the MWC model, an allosteric (heterotropic) inhibitor should have what effect on the relative value of L?
1) increase L,
2) decrease L,
3) have no effect on L,
4) all of the above,
5) none of the above.

Back 32

1) increase L,

Front 33

--- Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI?

Back 33

Front 34

__________p) Which of the following compounds may be converted to new glucose in mammals?
1) palmitic acid (16:0 fatty acid),
2) malic acid,
3) acetate unit of acetyl-S-CoA,
4) none of the above,
5) all of the above.

Back 34

4) none of the above,

Front 35

--- General Inhibition ---
What is the formula?

Back 35

Front 36

q) In a Scatchard plot the following parameters are plotted on the y-axis?
1) [Bound],
2) [Free],
3) [Free]/[Bound],
4) [Bound]/[Free]),
5) none of the above.

Back 36

3) [Free]/[Bound],

Front 37

--- Graphical Inhibition Estimation ---
What is it called?
What is used to chart it?

Back 37

Replot Method
X-Axis = [I] mM
Y-Axis = Km/Vmax(slope) for Ki
Y-Axis = 1/Vmax for Ki'

Front 38

s) Which of the following compounds can act as a substrate for the enzyme, hexose kinase?
1) glucose,
2) fructose,
3) mannose,
4) all of the above,
5) none of the above.

Back 38

4) all of the above,

Front 39

--- Hill Equation ---
1) X-Axis = ???
2) Y-Axis = ???
3) Hill coefficient (h or **) derived from?
4) Dissociation constant (***) derived from?

Back 39

1) X-Axis = log [S]
2) Y-Axis = log (V/Vmax-V) OR log(0/(1-
0)
3) nh = slope
4) -log Kd = y-intercept

Front 40

t) If h is 2, the cooperativity index is?
1) 1,
2) 3,
3) 4,
4) 9,
5) 81,
6) none of the above.

Back 40

4) 9,

Front 41

*** ***: a measure of cooperativity between binding sites.

Back 41

Hill Coefficient

Front 42

--- Animal Cells ---
GLYCOGEN to LACTIC ACID
Pathway Intermediates?

Back 42

GLYCOGEN > glucose-1-P > glucose-6-P > steps in glycolysis > pyruvate > LACTIC ACID

Front 43

Units for disassociation constants?

Back 43

mol/L

Front 44

--- Animal Cells ---
GALACTOSE to synthesis of new GLYCOGEN
Pathway Intermediates?

Back 44

GALACTOSE > UDP-galactose > UDP-glucose > GLYCOGEN

Front 45

--- Animal Cells ---
ETHANOL to GLUCOSE
Pathway Intermediates?

Back 45

ethanol cannot serve as a precursor of new glucose in animals

Front 46

--- Lineweaver-Burke Plot ---
1) Km?
2) Vmax?

Back 46

1) -1/x
2) 1/y

Front 47

--- Ethanol Metabolism ---
1) High energy at *#* kcal/gram while
2) carbs/fats contains are ***/***
3) Not created in mammals because of...

Back 47

1) 7
2) 4/9
3) pryuvate decarboxylase

Front 48

--- Disaccharides ---
1) galactose --- glucose
2) fructose --- glucose
3) glucose --- glucose α(1→4)
4) glucose --- glucose α,α-1,1-

Back 48

1) Lactose
2) Sucrose
3) Maltose
4) Trehalose

Front 49

Name two reducing sugars.

Back 49

Lactose
Maltose

Front 50

Name two nonreducing sugars.

Back 50

Sucrose
Trehalose

Front 51

--- MWC Model ---
Basis for Action of Allosteric Effectors
1) Inhibitors bind/stabilize the ***-form, *** the value of L.
2) Activators bind/stabilize the ***form, *** the value of L.
3) These enzymes will fall into either ***-Series or ***-Series.

Back 51

1) T --- increasing
2) R --- decreasing
3) K --- V

Front 52

1) These are classifications of the *** Model
2) ***-Series enzymes change apparent Vmax not Km.
3) ***-Series enzymes change apparent Km not Vmax.

Back 52

1) MWC
2) V-Series
3) K-Series

Front 53

Inhibition type?

Back 53

Uncompetitive

Front 54

Inhibition type?

Back 54

Non-Competitive

Front 55

Inhibition type?

Back 55

Competitive

Front 56

Inhibition type?

Back 56

Mixed

Front 57

*** Inhibition Is a Special Case of Mixed Inhibition

Back 57

Noncompetitive

Front 58

--- Hill Equation ---
What THREE things does it tell us?
1) ***(measurand)
2) ***(measurand)
3) if the plot is...

Back 58

1) h = cooperativity of B.S.(# of B.S.)
2) Kh = binding constant for ligand & proteins(or Kd)
3) hyperbolic or sigmoidal

Front 59

*** effects: binding of ligand influences binding of a DIFFERENT ligand at DIFFERENT site.

Back 59

heterotropic
OR
allosteric

Front 60

*** effects: binding of ligand alters subsequent binding of IDENTICAL ligands at DIFFERENT site.

Back 60

homotropic

Front 61

*** *** cooperativity: Binding of 1st ligand increase affinity for binding other different ligands. (e.g. CO2 on O2).

Back 61

Heterotropic Positive

Front 62

*** *** cooperativity: Binding of 1st ligand decreases affinity for binding other similar ligands. (e.g. O2 on O2).

Back 62

Homotropic Negative

Front 63

*** Model accounts for BOTH positive & negative homotropic cooperativity.
*** Model accounts for ONLY positive homotropic cooperativity.

Back 63

KNF
MWC

Front 64

--- Hill Coefficient---
1) h > 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity.
2) h < 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity.
3) h = 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity

Back 64

1) positive --- ligand increases affinities
2) negative --- ligand decreases affinities
3) no

Front 65

--- Hill Equation ---
*** is the binding constant.
*** is the dissociation constant.

Back 65

Kh
Kd

Front 66

-- Hill Coefficients---
When the h value for an effector goes
1) lower it means it's acting as an...
2) higher it means it's acting as an...

Back 66

1) positive heterotropic effector(activator)
2) negative heterotropic effector(inhibitor)

Front 67

--- Hill Equation ---
1) Effector: higher h means it's a *** effector.
2) Ligand: higher h than 1 means has *** cooperativity.

Back 67

1) negative effector
2) positive

Front 68

1) KNF Model?
2) MWC Model?
3) *** Model is AKA the Concerted or Symmetry model.

Back 68

1) Koshlad-Nemethy-Filmer Model
2) Monod-Wyman-Changeux Model
3) MWC

Front 69

Enzyme w/negative homotropic cooperativity....
1) h value is *** than 1,
2) exhibits hyperbolic/sigmoidal kinetics,
3) is ***sistent with Koshland model,
4) is ***sistent with MWC model.

Back 69

1) less
2) sigmoidal
3) consistent
4) inconsistent

Front 70

--- MWC Model ---
An ENZYME exhibiting postive homotropic cooperativity gives h values *less/more* than 1.

Back 70

more

Front 71

--- MWC Model ---
1) Allosteric inhibitors *** L and increase *** curve character.
2) Allosteric activators *** L and increase *** curve character.

Back 71

1) increase --- sigmoidal
2) decrease --- hyperbolic

Front 72

--- Scatchard Plot ---
[Bound]\[Free] is on the ***-axis.

Back 72

Y-Axis?

Front 73

--- Scatchard Plot ---
1) Y-Axis?
2) X-Axis?

Back 73

1) [Bound]\[Free] or [MS]\[S]
2) [Bound] or [S]

Front 74

What type of curve is this?

Back 74

sigmoidal curve

Front 75

What type of curve is this?

Back 75

hyperbolic curve

Front 76

What type of plot is this?

Back 76

hill plot

Front 77

What type of plot is this?

Back 77

scatchard plot

Front 78

--- Scatchard Plot ---
Top Green?
Middle Blue?
Bottom Red?

Back 78

positive cooperativity
no cooperativity
negative cooperativity

Front 79

1) What equation is this?
2) Describing what?

Back 79

1) Adair Equation
2) binding of a ligand to a dimeric protein.

--- Describes binding under the KNF model.

Front 80

1) Type of curve?
2) Ligand Binding Model?
Two other forms?

Back 80

1) Sigmoidal Curve
2) Hill

Front 81

Equation multiplied by Kd???
1) Type of Curve?
2) Ligand Binding Model?

Back 81

1) Sigmoidal Curve
2) Hill

Front 82

--- Hexose Kinase ---
Three sugars?

Back 82

glucose
fructose
mannose

Front 83

1) Type of curve?
2) Ligand Binding Model?

Back 83

1) Hyperbolic Curve
2) Langmuir

Front 84

--- Cooperativity Index ---
1) Unit is ***
2) Formula...

Back 84

1) Rx
2) 81^(1/h)

Front 85

What formula is this?

Back 85

Cooperativity Index

Front 86

Inhibition type?

Back 86

General Inhibition
1 ligand
1 binding site

Front 87

--- Cooperativity Index ---
1) If h > 1 a protein shows...
2) If h < 1 a protein shows...
3) If h = 1 a proteins shows...
4) if h = 1 then Rx is...

Back 87

--81^(1/h)--
1) positive cooperativity
2) negative cooperativity
3) no cooperativity
4) 81^(1/1) = 81

Front 88

--- Hill Equation---
General formula?
-Mills said we should know-

Back 88

Front 89

--- MWC Equation ---
General formula?
-Mills said we should know-

Back 89

Front 90

What equation is this?

Back 90

General Hill Equation

Front 91

What equation is this?

Back 91

General MWC Equation

Front 92

--- Analysis Technique ---
1) Hyperbolic Plot uses...
Y-Axis = ???
X-Axis = ???
2) Sigmoidal Plot uses...
Y-Axis = ???
X-Axis = ???

Back 92

1) Lineweaver-Burke Plot
X-Axis = 1/[S]
Y-Axis = 1/Vmax
2) Hill Plot
X-Axis = log [S]
Y-Axis = log (V/Vmax-V)

Front 93

--- Adair Equation ---
Equation?
Protein w/*** ligand binding sites.
-Mills said we should know

Back 93

two
--- Describes binding under the KNF model.

Front 94

--- Structural Formulas ---
1) Ethanol
2) Acetaldehyde
3) Acetate/Acetic Acid

Back 94

1) CH3-CH2-OH
2) CH3-CHO
3) CH3-COOH

Front 95

--- Units ---
1) Kb
2) Kd
3) kcat
4) Specificity constant

Back 95

1) Kb
2) Kd
3) (mM/min) or (molecules/sec)
4) M-1 s-1 (kcat/KM)

Front 96

printerd

Back 96

printerd

Front 97

--- Replot Method ---
What is it used for?
What's the main difference used w/in the method?

Back 97

Y-Axis
Ki = Km/Vmax(slope)
Ki' = 1/Vmax

X-Axis = [I] mM