Heart & Heart Disease (1/3)

Front 1

Circulation

Back 1

continuous one way circuit of blood through blood vessels propelled by the heart

Front 2

Location of the heart

Back 2

• between lungs in centre
• bit to left of body's midline
• occupies most of mediastinum
• heart's apex (pointed inferior portion) directed towards left

Front 3

Three tissue layers of heart

Back 3

• endocardium
• myocardium
• epicardium

Front 4

Endocardium

Back 4

• thin smooth layer of epithelial cells
• lines heart's interior
• provides smooth surface for easy flow of blood
• extensions of endocardium cover flaps of valves

Front 5

Myocardium

Back 5

• heart muscle
  
• thickest layer
• pumps blood through vessels

Front 6

Epicardium

Back 6

• serous membrane
• outermost layer of heart wall
• also considered visceral layer of pericardium

Front 7

pericardium

Back 7

• sac that encloses heart
• fibrous pericardium (outer layer)
• serous pericardium (inner layer, composed of 2 layers)

Front 8

myocardium special features

Back 8

• lightly striated
• single nucleus cells
• controlled involuntarily
• intercalated disks
• branching muscle fibers

Front 9

Right side of heart

Back 9

receives blood low in oxygen that has passed through body already and pumps it to lungs through pulmonary circuit

Front 10

Pulmonary circuit

Back 10

portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.

Front 11

Left side of heart

Back 11

receives highly oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it throughout body via systemic circuit

Front 12

Systemic circuit

Back 12

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Front 13

Left/right heart chambers separated by:

Back 13

partitions called septum

- interatrial septum separates atria

- interventricular septum separated two ventricles

Front 14

interatrial septum

Back 14

partition separating two atria

Front 15

interventricular septum

Back 15

partition separating two ventricles

Front 16

Atria

Back 16

-upper chambers

- mainly blood receiving

Front 17

Ventricles

Back 17

- lower chambers

- forceful pumps

Front 18

vena cava

Back 18

large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart

Front 19

inferior vena cava

Back 19

carries blood from the lower body

Front 20

superior vena cava

Back 20

carries blood from the head, arms, and upper body

Front 21

Right atrium

Back 21

- receives blood from body tissues

- returning blood carried in veins

Front 22

Right ventricle

Back 22

- receives blood from right atrium

- pumps it to lungs

Front 23

Left atrium

Back 23

- receives oxygen rich blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

Front 24

Left ventricle

Back 24

- pumps highly oxygenated blood to all of body

- blood goes into aorta first then into branching systemic arteries that take blood to tissue