1-16 Development Of The Brain (Part 1)

Front 1

Objective

Describe five stages in the development of neurons.

Back 1

The five stages of neuronal development are:

1. Proliferation
This is the formation of new cells.

2. Migration
Once they are formed, these cells move to their eventual destination in the brain.

3. Differentiation
At that point, they form axons and dendrites, and they begin to develop into specific types of neurons.

4. Myelination
With the help of glial cells, they form the myelin sheath that insulates the axons.

5. Synaptogenesis
The dendrites form new branches and new synapses at each branch.

Front 2

Objective

Identity the two types of neurons that can regenerate.

Back 2

The two types of neurons that can regenerate are olfactory receptors, which come in contact with chemical agents that can damage or destroy them, and neurons in the hippocampus of mammals.

Front 3

Objective

Explain how growing axons find their way to their correct target.

Back 3

A growing axon is attracted by some chemical substances and repelled by others. It follows a trail based on chemical attraction to specific substances until reaches an intermediate location, where it becomes insensitive to that substance and starts following a new attractant.

Front 4

Objective

Identify the basic principle of neural Darwinism.

Back 4

The basic principle is that we make more synapses and neurons than we can actually use. Through a process of selection, some of those synapses and neurons survive and other are destroyed by the body.

Front 5

proliferation

Back 5

The formation of new neurons

Front 6

migration

Back 6

The movement of neurons to their eventual destination in the brain

Front 7

differentiation

Back 7

The specialization of the neuron through the formation of the axon and dendrites that give the neuron its specific shape and function

Front 8

myelination

Back 8

The formation of the myelin sheath that insulates the axon

Front 9

synaptogenesis

Back 9

The formation of new synapses

Front 10

stem cell

Back 10

Undifferentiated cells that are the starting point for the formation of more specialized cells

Front 11

neural Darwinism

Back 11

The principle that neurons and synapses form in a relatively random way and that through a process of selection, some survive and others are destroyed by the body