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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the reasons to study history?
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History is interesting.
History is never finished. You develop empathy. To be a better thinker. To learn from past mistakes. |
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What are the 5 founding American Ideals?
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Democracy, Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, Rights
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Define democracy.
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- a system of government founded on the simple principle that the power to rule comes form the consent of the governed.
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Define liberty.
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- freedom.
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Define Equality.
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- the ideal situation in which all people are treated the same way and valued equally.
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Define opportunity.
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- the chance for people to pursue their hopes and dreams.
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Define rights.
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- powers or privileges granted by an agreement among people or by law.
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What are some of the problems faced between the Natives and Explorers?
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-Explorers brought diseases.
-Language barriers -Different cultures -Different religions -Explorers were greedy and wanted land. -Allies with some tribes lead to conflict with others. |
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What are some positive interactions between natives and Explorers?
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-Explorers brought new technology to natives.
-Natives taught explorers how to grow crops off of land. -Some native and explorer groups created an alliance where they worked together. |
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Why was Jamestown considered to be a successful British colony?
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Because the colony of Roanoke disappeared without a trace.
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What crop saved Jamestown?
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Tabocco
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Who became the leader of Jamestown?
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John Smith
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How did the relationship with the natives change?
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John Rolfe married Pocahontas, and the tribes became friends.
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What were the colonial regions?
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New England, Middle, Southern
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Be able to identify the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies on a map.
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See map.
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What did all 3 regions have in common?
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-All were founded on or near water.
-Relied on trade to survive. -Grew some type of crops. |
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What were 3 distinct differences in the colonial regions?
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-religion
-geography -types of resources |
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What are some reasons Early Explorers came to The New World?
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-to find riches
-to claim land/ expand territory -seeking adventure -faster route to Asia |
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What are the 4 parts of the Intolerable Acts?
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-Boston Port Act
-Administration of Justice Act -Quartering Act -Massachusetts Act |
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What were the 4 different viewpoints of the American Revolution?
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-British Gov.
-Loyalists -Moderates -Patriots |
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What were the percentages of each of the different viewpoints of the American Revolution?
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Moderates: 2/5
Patriots: 2/5 Loyalists: 1/5 |
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Explain the significance of the Olive Branch Treaty.
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The treaty affirmed loyalty to the king, asked for help with their grievances, and expressed hope for peace. The King refused and said, " The colonists were already revolting and it was too late."
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What was Common Sense?
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- A 47 page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It stated: nobody should be ruled by a king, British rule has only brought America harm, colonies have been dragged into Britain's conflicts with only countries, stated that the colonists could survive without Britain.
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Besides Thomas Paine, whose ideas inspired change?
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John Locke
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What were John Locke's ideas?
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-Believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property
-Governments are bound by social contracts. -If a gov. does not respect the people's natural rights, then the people have the right to overthrow the gov. |
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What was the name of the group that met to decide independence?
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2nd Continental Congress
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Who proposed the resolution for independence?
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Richard Henry Lee
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Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?
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-Thomas Jefferson
-Roger Sherman -Benjamin Franklin -Robert R. Livingston -John Adams |
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson
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What are the parts to the Declaration of Independence?
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-Statement of human rights
-Grievances against the king -Statement of Independence |
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When was the Declaration of Independence approved?
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July 4, 1776
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What were the strengths of Britain during the war?
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-Strongest Army and Navy
-Strongest government -Well train soldiers -Experienced officers -Lots of money |
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What were the weaknesses of the British ?
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-Fighting 3,000 miles away
-Supplies took months to reach colonies |
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What were the strengths in the Americans?
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-Fighting for a cause
-Knew the terrain -Adapted new guerilla warfare techniques -Didn't have to beat the British, just had to hold them off until they gave up -Received help from France and other countries |
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What were the weaknesses of the Americans?
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-Army made up of volunteers and were poorly trained
-Very few experienced officers -Limited supplies and weapons -New county -No navy -No money |
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Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
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George Washington
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Who was known as the Swamp Fox?
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Francis Marion
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Why was he called the Swamp Fox?
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He would outsmart British generals, hide in the swamps of South Carolina and Georgia, then attack.
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When was the surrender of the British?
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October 19, 1781
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When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
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September 1783
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What were the main points of the Treaty of Paris?
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-Britain recognized America's independence
-Britain gave up all land between the Atlantic Coast and the Mississippi River |
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What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation?
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-Could coin or print money
-Declare war, make peace -Negotiate treaties -Operate the post office system |
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What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
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-States could print their own money.
-Federal gov. could not force states to obey its laws -No federal court system -No national army -Federal gov. could not enforce individual laws -Could not raise taxes -No central gov. -No power to regulate trade between states |
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What were the land ordinances and what impact did they have?
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Land ordinances were local regulations that established territories. The land ordinances admitted each new state as equal to the originals and set the standard to which all new states were to be admitted.
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What was the differences in territories and states?
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Territories had to have 5,000 free men and they could have their own legislature. States had to have 60,000 free men, write their own state constitutions and be approved by congress
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What were the problems with other countries under the Articles of Confederation?
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-No central gov.
-Britain and Spain were supply guns to natives and encouraging them to attack Americans -Britain closed ports to American ships -Other countries did not want to trade. |
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What were the problems with states?
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States could impose import tarriffs.
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How did Shay's Rebellion lead to the writing of the Constitution?
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Summer of 1786 in Massachusetts, farmers who were upset with their debt took control over courthouses. Militias were sent in to stop the rebellion. It showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, by not having a central army to stop the uprising before it got out of hand. The businessmen and landowners feared anarchy.
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Where did delegates meet to discuss trade between states?
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Annapolis, Maryland
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Many delegates did not show up, so a motion was made to do what?
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Continue the conversation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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What was the original purpose of the meeting in Philadelphia?
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To revise the Articles of Confederation
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What were the 2 main groups at the convention?
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Federalists and Anti-Federalists
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What did each group support?
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Federalists wanted a strong central gov, while the Anti-Federalists wanted a weaker central gov with more power to the states.
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Who were the 2 delegates that stayed away from the Constitution because they "smelled a rat"?
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Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry
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Who were the 2 delegates that were in Europe at the time?
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John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
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Who is considered to be the Father of the constitution?
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James Madison
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Who were the leaders of the Federalists?
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-John Jay
-Alexander Hamiltion -James Madison |
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What were the Federalists Papers?
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85 essays written by Hamiltion, Jay, and Madison to gain support for the ratification of the Constitution.
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What is the Bill of Rights?
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1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution
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Why was the Bill of Rights written?
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To compromise with the Anti-Federalists, they felt that the Constitution did not guarantee individual rights
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How many delegates attended the convention, stayed, and signed?
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55 delegates attended, 42 stayed, and 39 signed.
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How long did it take to write the Constitution?
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4 months
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How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?
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9 or 13
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Define checks and balances.
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- the system by which each branch of the federal gov. can limit, or check the power of the others.
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Define Electoral College.
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-a body made up of electors from each state who cast votes to elect the president and vice president.
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Define Virginia Plan.
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It was written mainly by James Madison to replace the Articles, not revise them. It called for a national gov. with 3 branches(Montesquieu's idea) and it would have bicameral legistature, which is a lawmaking body made up of two houses.
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Define the New Jersey Plan.
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written by William Paterson, it proposed a series of amendments to the Articles. It called for a less powerful national gov. with a unicameral Congress(one house) in which all states had equal representation. (This was because smaller states did not like their representation in Congress being limited to population.)
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Define Great Compromise.
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Roger Sherman's plan that resolved the issue of representation in congress. His plan called for bicameral legislature(2 houses) with a different form of representation in each house, one with equal representation, and the other with population.)
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Define 3/5 Compromise.
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For representation in the house, every every 5 slaves would be counted as equal to 3 whites.
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What was the significance and date of the battle of Lexington/Concord?
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Tensions between colonists and British troops in Massachusetts led to armed conflict in Lexington and Concord. These battle help spark a wider war.
See notes, could not find date or impact in book. |
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What was the significance and date of the battle of Bunker Hill?
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See notes, could not find in book.
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What was the significance and date of the battle of New York?
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Summer of 1776, Soon after the Declaration was signed, British massed their forces for an attack on NY city. Washington's army tried to hold them off, but where no match, and the Continental Army was first to retreat, the American's first loss of many too come.
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What was the significance and date of the battle of Saratoga?
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The Continental Army suffered defeats in the early days of the war, but victory at Saratoga in 1777 turned the tide and brought France into the war as an American ally.
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What was the significance and date of the battle of Yorktown?
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October 6-19, 1781, The British defeat at Yorktown ended the long war. Two years later, Britain recognized American independence in the Treaty of Paris.
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What is the date and definition of the Boston Tea Party? How did this event lead to the next?
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On the night of December 316,177 men dressed as Mohawk indians boarded 3 British tea ships in the Boston Harbor, broke open tea chests and threw about 90,000 pounds of tea into the water. Parliament passed the Intolerable acts the following year as a result of this action.
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What is the date and definition of the Intolerable Acts? How did this event lead to the next?
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In 1774, Parliament passed a series of laws so harsh that colonists called them the Intolerable Acts. These laws closed Boston Harbor, shut down the civilian courts, placed Massachusetts under firm British control,and sent more troops to Boston. This angered the colonists and made them even more eager to protest with other boycotts and declare their independence.
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What is the date and definition of Common Sense? How did this even lead to the next?
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Early in 1776,- A 47 page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It stated: nobody should be ruled by a king, British rule has only brought America harm, colonies have been dragged into Britain's conflicts with only countries, stated that the colonists could survive without Britain. Common Sense fired up the colonists, persuaded and inspired them to make a change, and hastened the movement towards independence.
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What is the date and definition of the Committee of Correspondence? How did this event lead to the next?
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Groups of letter writers who spread news about British actions throughout the colonies, let colonists know what was going on, what the British were currently doing, and encouraged them even more to declare independence. See notes for date, couldn't find in book.
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What is the date and definition of the Declaration of Independence? What impact did it have and what did it lead to?
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The document approved in 1776 by the Second Constitutional Congress declaring that the 13 former colonies were free and independent states. Now that the colonies were independent, they had to work on becoming a strong nation, creating gov. and constitution.
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***EXTENDED RESPONSE
How did the colonists reaction to Britain lead to further conflict? (How did the colonists behave badly?) |
The colonists reaction to Britain lead to further conflict because the colonists boycotting and other protests angered Britain and encouraged Britain to enforce harsh rules on the colonists such as the Intolerable Acts. Maybe if the colonists had protested or tried to work it out in a more peaceful way, Britain would have been more willing to compromise, and wouldn't have been so eager to fight the colonists
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