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51 Cards in this Set

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The main part of the neuron. It is also called the Soma
Cell body of a neuron
A nerve cell, the basic unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Consist of a cell body, one or more dendrites and a single axon
Neuron
Two forms of neurons are
Sensory and motor
A nerve cell process that conducts impulses to the cell body
Dendrite
A nerve cell process that conducts impulses away from the cell body
Axon
A neuron that carries impulses to the spinal cord and the brain. It is also known as an afferent neuron
Sensory neuron
A neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system out to muscles and glands
Motor neuron
It stimulates a muscle to contract or a gland to secrete. It is also known as an efferent neuron
Motor neuron
A white, fatty substance, largely composed of phospholipids and protein, that surrounds many nerve fibers.
Myelin
The junction between two neurons
Synapse
A type of nerve cell that supports, protects, and nourishes the neuron.
Neuroglia Cell
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes are four kinds of....
Neuroglia cell
A large, star shaped cell that provides nutrition
Astrocyte
One of many small interstitial cells in the brain and spinal cord that serve as phagocytic cells and respond to inflammation
Microglion
A Columnar cell located in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cell
A type of neuroglial cell that produces myelin, the white matter of the nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
The electrochemical process involved in oral transmission
Nerve impulse
The sudden electrical charge transmitted across the cell membrane of the nerve fiber
Action potential
A chemical substance that is released from synaptic knobs into synaptic clefts
Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are all what...
Neurotransmitters
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
The brain
What are the four major parts of the brain
Cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the diencephalon
The largest and uppermost portion of the brain
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres
Right and left
What are the five lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, and insular ( central)
The portion of the brain responsible for controlling the left side of the body. It also controls hearing and tactile and spatial perception.
Right hemisphere
The portion of the brain responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also is responsible for verbal, analytical, and computational skills.
Left hemisphere
The part of the brain responsible for complex concentration, planning, and problem-solving. It also contains the olfactory cortex, which interprets smells.
Frontal lobe
The part of the brain responsible for interpretation of sensory input other than sight, sound, and smell.
Parietal lobe
Contains the gustatory area responsible for taste
Parietal lobe
The part of the brain responsible for visual recognition
Occipital lobe
The part of the brain responsible for interpretation of sensory experiences such as hearing and smell
Temporal lobe
It is also said to be a center for emotion, memory, and personality.
The part of the bring responsible for visceral or primitive emotions, drives, and reactions
Insular lobe, or central lobe
The part of the brain responsible for motor speech and for controlling the muscular actions of the mouth, tongue, and larynx
Broca's area
The part of the brain responsible for language come prehension
Wernicke's area
Located in the right frontal lobe
A large transverse band of myelinated nerve fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
One of four islands of Grey matter located in the white matter of the cerebrum
Basal ganglion
One function is to initiate and regulate muscular activity
Basal ganglion
The centrally located portion of the brain surrounded by the cerebrum that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
The subdivision of the diencephalon that assist and controlling body temperature, water balance, sleep, appetite, emotions of fear and pleasure, and involuntary functions.
Hypothalamus
The subdivision of the diencephalon that sorts sensory impulses and direct them to the appropriate areas in the brain. It is basically a relay station for sensory impulses
Thalamus
The portion of the brain, located between the diencephalon and the spinal cord, that controls vital visceral activities.
Brainstem
It consist of the midbrain, the ponds, and the medulla oblongata
Brainstem
This section of the brainstem that controls the visual and auditory reflexes, such as turning to listen to a loud noise
Midbrain
This section of the brainstem that relay sensory impulses and regulates the rate and depth of breathing incoordination with the medulla oblongata
Pons
The section of the brainstem that contains the cardiac center, the vasomotor center, and the respiratory center
Medulla oblongata
The second largest portion of the brain, located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
Cerebellum
Coordinates skeletal muscle activity
Damage to this area can result in tremors, loss of muscle tone, and loss of equilibrium
Cerebellum
One of four small interconnected cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Ventricle