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51 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The main part of the neuron. It is also called the Soma
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Cell body of a neuron
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A nerve cell, the basic unit of the nervous system
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Neuron
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Consist of a cell body, one or more dendrites and a single axon
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Neuron
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Two forms of neurons are
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Sensory and motor
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A nerve cell process that conducts impulses to the cell body
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Dendrite
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A nerve cell process that conducts impulses away from the cell body
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Axon
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A neuron that carries impulses to the spinal cord and the brain. It is also known as an afferent neuron
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Sensory neuron
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A neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system out to muscles and glands
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Motor neuron
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It stimulates a muscle to contract or a gland to secrete. It is also known as an efferent neuron
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Motor neuron
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A white, fatty substance, largely composed of phospholipids and protein, that surrounds many nerve fibers.
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Myelin
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The junction between two neurons
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Synapse
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A type of nerve cell that supports, protects, and nourishes the neuron.
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Neuroglia Cell
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Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes are four kinds of....
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Neuroglia cell
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A large, star shaped cell that provides nutrition
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Astrocyte
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One of many small interstitial cells in the brain and spinal cord that serve as phagocytic cells and respond to inflammation
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Microglion
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A Columnar cell located in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid
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Ependymal cell
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A type of neuroglial cell that produces myelin, the white matter of the nervous system
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Oligodendrocytes
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The electrochemical process involved in oral transmission
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Nerve impulse
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The sudden electrical charge transmitted across the cell membrane of the nerve fiber
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Action potential
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A chemical substance that is released from synaptic knobs into synaptic clefts
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Neurotransmitter
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Acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are all what...
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Neurotransmitters
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The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
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Central nervous system
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The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
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The brain
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What are the four major parts of the brain
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Cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the diencephalon
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The largest and uppermost portion of the brain
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Cerebrum
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The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres
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Right and left
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What are the five lobes of the cerebrum
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Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, and insular ( central)
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The portion of the brain responsible for controlling the left side of the body. It also controls hearing and tactile and spatial perception.
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Right hemisphere
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The portion of the brain responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also is responsible for verbal, analytical, and computational skills.
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Left hemisphere
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The part of the brain responsible for complex concentration, planning, and problem-solving. It also contains the olfactory cortex, which interprets smells.
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Frontal lobe
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The part of the brain responsible for interpretation of sensory input other than sight, sound, and smell.
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Parietal lobe
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Contains the gustatory area responsible for taste
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Parietal lobe
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The part of the brain responsible for visual recognition
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Occipital lobe
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The part of the brain responsible for interpretation of sensory experiences such as hearing and smell
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Temporal lobe
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It is also said to be a center for emotion, memory, and personality.
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The part of the bring responsible for visceral or primitive emotions, drives, and reactions
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Insular lobe, or central lobe
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The part of the brain responsible for motor speech and for controlling the muscular actions of the mouth, tongue, and larynx
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Broca's area
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The part of the brain responsible for language come prehension
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Wernicke's area
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Located in the right frontal lobe
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A large transverse band of myelinated nerve fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres
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Corpus callosum
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One of four islands of Grey matter located in the white matter of the cerebrum
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Basal ganglion
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One function is to initiate and regulate muscular activity
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Basal ganglion
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The centrally located portion of the brain surrounded by the cerebrum that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
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Diencephalon
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The subdivision of the diencephalon that assist and controlling body temperature, water balance, sleep, appetite, emotions of fear and pleasure, and involuntary functions.
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Hypothalamus
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The subdivision of the diencephalon that sorts sensory impulses and direct them to the appropriate areas in the brain. It is basically a relay station for sensory impulses
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Thalamus
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The portion of the brain, located between the diencephalon and the spinal cord, that controls vital visceral activities.
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Brainstem
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It consist of the midbrain, the ponds, and the medulla oblongata
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Brainstem
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This section of the brainstem that controls the visual and auditory reflexes, such as turning to listen to a loud noise
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Midbrain
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This section of the brainstem that relay sensory impulses and regulates the rate and depth of breathing incoordination with the medulla oblongata
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Pons
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The section of the brainstem that contains the cardiac center, the vasomotor center, and the respiratory center
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Medulla oblongata
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The second largest portion of the brain, located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
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Cerebellum
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Coordinates skeletal muscle activity
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Damage to this area can result in tremors, loss of muscle tone, and loss of equilibrium
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Cerebellum
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One of four small interconnected cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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Ventricle
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