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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When do tropical storms occur |
When see temp is 27°c or higher and when the wind shear (difference in wind speeds) between higher and lower parts of the atmosphere is low |
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How do tropical storms occur (hurricanes typhoons and cyclones ) |
Warm moist air rises and condensation occurs, releasing huge amounts of energy, which makes the storm powerful. Rising air create an area of low pressure, which increases surface winds. Tropical storms move towards the west because of the easterly winds near the equators, earth's rotation causes the paths of the winds to deflect, causing storms to spin. Storm gets stronger due to energy from warm water. They lose strength over cold/no water. |
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We're do majority of tropical storms occur |
Between 5° and 30° north and south of the equator- any further and water isn't warm enough. Majority occur in the northern hemisphere (especially over the pacific), in later summer and autumn, were temp is the highest. |
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Describe what tropical storms look like |
Hundreds of kilometers wide, usually lasting 7 to 14 days, they spin anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Eye- centre of the storm, approx 50km wide and caused by descending air. Low pressure, light winds, no clouds no rain and a high temperature Edges of the storm- wind speed falls,clouds are smaller and more scattered, the rain becomes less intense and temp increases Eyewall- surrounds the eye, spiralling rising air, strong winds (approx 160km per hour) storm clouds, torrential rain and low temp. |
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Climate change and tropical storms |
Temps are rising, more water over 27°c, probability of more storms, will be stronger as ocean is getting even warmer |
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Primary effects |
Rivers and coastal areas flooded. Roads railways ports and airports damaged Sewage overflows due to flooding , also often contaminating water supplies. |
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Secondary effects |
Shortage of clean water and a lack of propper sanitation, easier for diseases to spread Shortage of food if crops are damaged, livestock are killed or supply lines are blocked. |
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Immediate responses |
Evacuate people before storm arrives Set up temporary shelters Provide temporary supplies of water food electricity etc Tech companies may set up disaster response tools, allowing damage to be recorded and people to confirm there safety. |
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Long term responses |
Repair or replace damaged infrastructure Repair and improve flood defence schemes (levees, flood gates etc) Improve forecasting techniques to give people more warning in the future Improve building regulations
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Tropical storm case study |
Typhoon haiyan Philippines 2013 It is a LIC Economic impact of £3.83 billion Rice, corn and sugar producing areas destroyed Fishing affected 30,000 boats destroyed 7000 people killed 1.9 million people left homeless Looting in the city Outbreak of disease Trees uprooted, CO2 released from them , they blocked major roads People paid to clear debris and rebuild the city Agencies like Oxfam supported programs replacing fishing boats Hospitals set up to help injured Agencies responded quickly with food water etc Red cross delivered basic food aid ,rice etc Un sent financial aid UK government sent shelter kits, Prediction: scientists can use data from things like radar,satellites and aircraft to monitor storms. Computer models are then used to calculate a predicted path for the storm.this gives people time to evacuate Planning:new houses can planned in less risky areas Emergency services can prepare for disasters Governments can plan evacuation routes Protection: buildings can be disigned to withstand tropical storms, e.g. by using reinforced concrete. Buildings can be put on stilts. Flood defences can be built along rivers and coasts (levees) (sea walls)
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UK weather issues describe a few |
Hailstorms-make driving dangerously, can destroy propperty and damage crops Drought- lack of precipitation, water supplies run low, economic impacts like crop failures Heat waves- causes deaths from heat exhaustion or breathing difficulties as pollution builds in air, roads melt causing economic impacts, but tourism Industry may increase |
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How is weather in UK turning out ? |
More extreme. December 2010 was the coldest for over 100 years, severe snow and ice causing several deaths, school and road closures 4 months after April 2011 was the warmest April on record. More rainfall records broken in 2010-2014 then in any decade on record , and December 2015 was wettest month Major flooding in Somerset levels during winter of 2013 to 2014 |
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Ways of reducing the effects of tropical storms |
Prediction- data from things like radar, satellites and aircraft to monitor storms, computer models then calculate a predicted path for the storm. This gives people time to evacuate and protect there homes and businesses, e.g. by boarding up windows. Planning- future developments e.g. new houses, can be planned to avoid the areas most at risk. Emergency services can train and prepare for disasters, e.g. by practising rescuing people from flooded areas with helicopters. This reduces the number of people killed . Governments can plan evacuation routes to get people away from storms quickly . Protection Buildings can be designed to withstand tropical storms, e.g. by using reinforced concrete. Buildings can also be put on stilts so they're safe from.foodwater. Flood defences can be used All of these reduce the number of buildings destroyed so fewer people will be killed injured made homeless and unemployed. |
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Extreme UK weather case study |
Flooding in the Somerset levels January 2014 Floodwater contaminated with oil and sewage March 2014 a large section of river parrat dredged More Pumping stations are planned Over 600 houses flooded Rivers had not been dredged for 20 years Cost of damage was £10million Somerset levels are a natural flood plain Somerset levels have now been drained to create farm land Villagers used boats to get to work/school Pumping stations mainly used Rescue boats and army rescued people River banks are being raised and strengthened |
