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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does CR stand for? |
computed radiography
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What is the difference between analog and computed images? |
Analog images are recorded and viewed on the same material (film), computed are recorded on one material (cassette) and viewed on another (computer screen) |
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What types of imaging were in the analog era? |
film, cassettes with folia |
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What is a dark room? |
a room from which normal light is excluded to allow for the processing of photosensitive material |
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What is a safelight? |
a lamp that provides light which is safe for photosensitive materials like film |
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What is radiation effects on living cells called? |
biological effects |
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What are the two types of biological effects? |
determinist--immediate and serious stockist--delayed, genetic |
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What factors help determine biological effects? |
rate: low radiation over long period of time safer than high radiation at once volume: small area of body exposed to high radiation (like radiotherapy) safer than whole-body exposure type of tissue exposed: some tissue more sensitive (kids, embryo; reprod. organs, bone marrow, lymph nodes, cornea) |
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In what units are biological effects measured? |
Exposed dose Absorbed dose Equivalent dose Effective dose |
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What is the exposed dose? |
Amount of radiation (ions of xrays per kg of air), measured in rem or sev |
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What is the absorbed dose? |
Amount of radiation absorbed by patient, measured in rad or gray |
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What is the equivalent dose? |
Amount of radiation damage (absorbed dose X factor depending on type of radiation), measured in rem or sev |
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What is the effective dose? |
Severity of radiation damage (equivalent dose + factor depending on type of tissue), measured in rem or sev |
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What are the disadvantages of an analog system? |
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What do the following stand for? CR DR DICOM RIS HIS IP PACS Mini-PACS |
CR computerized radiography DR direct radiography DICOM digital imaging and communications in medicine RIS radiography information system HIShospital information system IP image plate PACS picture archiving and communication system Mini-PACS PACS limited to burning dvds |
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What is the RIS? |
a system that gives patient a code and shows which images were ordered plus details |
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What is the HIS? |
includes dr report and notes |
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Cassettes started with ___ and moved to ___. |
intensifying screens, folia |
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A digital cassette without film is called ___. |
an image plate |
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The folia in an IP uses a receiver that includes ___ crystals. |
phosphorus |
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What is the job of the crystals in a folia in an IP? |
to receive the radiation and store it as PSP |
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What is PSP? |
photostimulable storage phosphor |
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The PSP (ionized crystals) emit visual light when interact with __ and again with ___. |
x-ray, laser |
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What is PSL? |
photostimulated luminescence |
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What are the properties of a digital cassette? |
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The job of the receiving screen is to ___ the image and ____ for ____. |
receive, preserve, a few hours |
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The IP is a ___ screen made from ___. |
fluorescent, phosphor |
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What is the תא and what does the reader do? |
Slot removes the IP from the cassette, reads it, erases it, and puts it back in the cassette, converts the analog info to digital and sends it to archive and display |
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What is the פענוח station? |
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What is the receiving/recording process for film? |
Received, recorded, and viewed on same film then stored in archive |
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What is the receiving/recording process for CR? |
received on IP (stored in PACS, CD, computer), recorded on different system onto CD or film *latent picture needs to be revealed and converted from analog to digital (2 systems: PMT--photomultiplier tube, ADC--analog digital converter) |
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Describe the exposure process for an image in CR |
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What is PSP? |
photostimulable phosphor --xrays react with this type of crystals and trigger PSL |
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What is PSL? |
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An IP contains information in the form of a ____. |
latent picture |
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What are the steps involved in creating an image in CR (in the reader)? |
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How is light converted into a digital picture? |
The PMT (photomultiplier) collects light and translates it into an electric signal. The ADC (analog digital converter) converts the electric signal to a digital picture AND improves the resolution. |
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How does the reader erase the folia? |
it scans the crystals with a strong light |
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What is a photomontage? |
When folia was not erased and two images are superimposed |