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Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

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Ischemia is a state of tissue oxygen deprivation accompanied by a reduced washout of the resulting metabolites (1). Reperfusion is the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Despite the unequivocal benefit of reperfusion of blood to an ischemic tissue, reperfusion itself can elicit a cascade of harmful reactions that injure tissue(2). Studies have shown that renal ischemia - reperfusion injury in addition to kidney tissue, will also be affected distant organs such as the brain (3), lung (4), liver(5) and heart (6). The susceptibility of tissue to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major obstacle to both reperfusion after an infarct and successful organ transplantation.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) play an important role in mediating cell damage during IRI(7, 8). …show more content…
Interest in the inflammatory response to IRI has led to the identification of multiple inflammatory mediators, including leukocytes, leukocyte adhesion molecules and cytokines. Neutrophils are the inflammatory cells, which produces abundantly ROS during IR injury. Renal IR causes tissue injury by oxygen radicals and oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between production of ROS and the antioxidant capacity(9). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is found in neutrophils and catalyzes the formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a toxic agent to cellular components and initiates oxidative

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