In the 1940s, Raymond Cattell was able to take Allport’s 4000 traits and boil it down through factor analysis. Factor analysis refers to the mathematical consolidation of commonly appearing variables and the summarising of correlating data. He used factor analysis to eliminate synonyms and the very rare or unused traits (Friedman & Schustack, 2014). Cattell was able to reduce the list of traits from over 4000 to 16 personality variables. This reduction in personality variables was attributed to his belief that language has evolved to accurately record such traits (Pervin & John, 1999). According to Friedman and Schustack (2014), Cattell believed that we all have these 16 main traits and that personality depends on the degree to which each is
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The first test is Q-data testing, which refers to self report tests and questionnaires, but Cattell found that people are not very aware of their core personality traits. The second data collection method is T-data testing, which refers to data that is gathered in a controlled, lab situation while noting responses. The next method of data collection is L-data collection, which refers to data collected from school records, judgements from others and any other records that might be useful. Finally Cattell uses the 16 factors of personality to test to what degree each trait shows up. he called this the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) ( Friedman & Schustack, …show more content…
He believed that on top of factor analysis and inductive approaches biological evidence should also guide the selection of personality variables. Eysenck’s three personality variable are Extroversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism (Friedman & Schustack, 2014). According to Santrock (2003), Eysenck believed that Extroversion versus Introversion and Stable versus Unstable were the most important parts of personality. Later he added the factor of Psychoticism. He also suggested that variations of these three dimensions make up a person’s complete personality (Santrock, 2003). Eysenck is well known for taking the biological aspects of personality and personality theory into account, which links to Allport’s psychophysical variables. He also believed in empirical and statistical studies. He suggested that of the Big Five, only three are real core traits and the other two are just derivatives of them. Another of Eysenck’s views is that some traits increase, decrease or stay stable throughout one’s life time Friedman & Schustack, 2014).
6.1. Application and Evaluation
There are two tests that use Eysenck’s views, namely the Eysenck Personality Inventory Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Many of Eysenck’s definitions of his three factors have similar traits to Cattell, Jung and the Big Five. Unfortunately, Eysenck did not account for the trait of
The first test is Q-data testing, which refers to self report tests and questionnaires, but Cattell found that people are not very aware of their core personality traits. The second data collection method is T-data testing, which refers to data that is gathered in a controlled, lab situation while noting responses. The next method of data collection is L-data collection, which refers to data collected from school records, judgements from others and any other records that might be useful. Finally Cattell uses the 16 factors of personality to test to what degree each trait shows up. he called this the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) ( Friedman & Schustack, …show more content…
He believed that on top of factor analysis and inductive approaches biological evidence should also guide the selection of personality variables. Eysenck’s three personality variable are Extroversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism (Friedman & Schustack, 2014). According to Santrock (2003), Eysenck believed that Extroversion versus Introversion and Stable versus Unstable were the most important parts of personality. Later he added the factor of Psychoticism. He also suggested that variations of these three dimensions make up a person’s complete personality (Santrock, 2003). Eysenck is well known for taking the biological aspects of personality and personality theory into account, which links to Allport’s psychophysical variables. He also believed in empirical and statistical studies. He suggested that of the Big Five, only three are real core traits and the other two are just derivatives of them. Another of Eysenck’s views is that some traits increase, decrease or stay stable throughout one’s life time Friedman & Schustack, 2014).
6.1. Application and Evaluation
There are two tests that use Eysenck’s views, namely the Eysenck Personality Inventory Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Many of Eysenck’s definitions of his three factors have similar traits to Cattell, Jung and the Big Five. Unfortunately, Eysenck did not account for the trait of