Effects Of Metformin

Metformin was classically known as ‘insulin sensitiser’ because it lowers insulin levels, its main effects are on fasting glucose and are insulin independent. It enhances insulin sensitivity of hepatic as well as peripheral (muscle) tissues, which results in an increased uptake of glucose into these insulin-sensitive tissues. Reduces hepatic glucose production and has effects on gut glucose uptake and utilisation.

At the molecular level, metformin increases intracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) protein kinase activity and reduces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), enhances tyrosine kinase activity , being a weak inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. This has direct effects on the flux through gluconeogenesis, and beneficial metabolic