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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiration |
combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide |
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respiratory system |
consists of a series of passages that bring outside air in contact with special structures that lie close to blood capillaries |
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inspiration |
process of breathing in air |
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expiration |
process of exhaling air out of the lungs |
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inhalation |
another word for inspiration |
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exhalation |
another word for expiration |
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pulmonologist |
physician who specializes in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs |
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diaphragm |
muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity |
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thoracic cavity |
chest cavity |
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phrenic |
pertaining to the diaphragm (sometimes the mind) |
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pleura |
membrane surrounding each lung |
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pleural cavity |
the space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the lining of the thoracic cavity |
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paranasal sinuses |
air-filled paired cavities in various bones around the nose |
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alveol/o |
alveolus |
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bronch/o, bronchi/o |
bronchus |
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bronchiol/o |
bronchiole |
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epiglott/o |
epiglottis |
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laryng/o |
larynx |
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lob/o |
lobe |
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nas/o, rhin/o |
nose |
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phren/o |
diaphragm |
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pleur/o |
pleura |
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pharyng/o |
pharynx (throat) |
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pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o |
lung (although pneum/o sometimes means air) |
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trache/o |
trachea |
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alveolar |
pertaining to the alveoli |
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bronchial |
pertaining to the bronchi |
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laryngeal |
pertaining to the larynx |
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nasal |
pertaining to the nose |
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nasopharyngeal |
pertaining to the nose and pharynx |
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pharyngeal |
pertaining to the pharynx |
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pneumatic |
pertaining to respiration or air |
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pneumocardial |
pertaining to the lungs and heart |
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pulmonary, pulmonic |
pertaining to the lungs |
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tracheal |
pertaining to the trachea |
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oximetry |
noninvasive photo-diagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in the arteries |
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oximeter |
instrument used in oximetry |
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eupnea |
normal respiration |
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dyspnea |
labored or difficult breathing |
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apnea |
temporary absence of breathing |
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orthopnea |
condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing |
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bradypnea |
abnormally slow breathing (less than 12 bpm) |
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tachypnea |
respiration that exceeds 20 breaths per minute |
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hyperpnea |
increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal |
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hyperventilation |
increased aeration of the lungs which reduces carbon dioxide levels in the body and can disrupt homeostasis |
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spirometry |
measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs |
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hypoxia, anoxia |
deficiency of oxygen |
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nares |
nostrils |
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nasal septum |
partition between the two nasal cavities is the nasal septum |
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sinusitis |
inflammation of a sinus, especially of a paranasal sinus |
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rhinitis |
inflammation of the nasal membrane |
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rhinorrhea |
watery discharge from the nose |
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pharynx |
throat |
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nasopharyngeal |
pertaining to the nose and pharynx |
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pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx |
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eustachian tube, auditory tube, otopharyngeal tube |
extends from the middle ear to the pharaynx |
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laryngopharynx |
the area where the pharynx divides into the larynx and esophagus |
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laryngitis |
inflammation of the larynx |
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aphonia |
absence of voice |
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dysphonia |
difficulty in speaking or a weak voice |
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aphasia |
inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs - caused by improper functioning of the brain |
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aphasic |
affected by aphasia |
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dysphasia |
speech impairment resulting from a brain lesion |
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laryngalgia |
pain of the larynx |
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glottis |
vocal apparatus of the larynx - consists of the vocal cords and the openings between them |
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laryngeal polyp |
small tumor-like growth on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness |
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epiglottis |
lidlike structure that covers the larynx during the act of swallowing |
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trachea |
windpipe |
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brochi |
divided from the trachea - there are two of them - one leads to one lung |
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bronchitis |
inflammation of the mucous membrane of bronchi |
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sputum |
material raised from inflamed mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can be expelled by coughing |
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bronchoscopic |
pertaining to examination of the bronchi |
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tracheobronchial |
pertaining to both the trachea and the bronchi |
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bronchoscope |
instrument used in bronchoscopy |
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bronchoscopy |
bronchoscopic examination using a bronchoscope - endoscopic examination (procedures that allow visualization of organs and cavities of the body using an endoscope) |
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laryngoscopy |
examination of the larynx |
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bronchopulmonary |
pertaining to the bronchi and the lungs |
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bronchioles |
little bronchi - subdivisions of the bronchi |
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alveoli (singular, alveolus) |
tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles |
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pneumonia, pneumonitis |
inflammation of the lungs |
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bronchopneumonia |
inflammation of the lungs and of the bronchi |
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pulmonary edema |
effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs |
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effusion |
escape |
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edema |
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the tissue |
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orthopneic |
breathing is difficult except when the patient is sitting erect or standing |
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thorax |
chest |
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pneumothorax |
refers to the air or gas in the chest cavity, specifically the pleural cavity |
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hemothorax |
blood in the pleural cavity |
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pneumohemothorax |
presence of air and blood in the pleural cavity |
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embolus |
blocking of an artery by foreign material that has been brought to its site of blockage by the circulating blood
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thrombus |
an embolus that is a blood clot |
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pulmonary embolism |
pulmonary artery is obstructed |
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atel/o |
imperfect |
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coni/o |
a relationship to dust |
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embol/o |
embolus |
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home/o |
sameness |
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-ole |
little |
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ox/o |
oxygen |
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-pnea |
breathing |
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silic/o |
silica |
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spir/o |
to breathe (sometimes, spiral) |
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adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia |
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asthma |
paraoxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing -brought about by spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane |
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wheeze |
whistling sound made during respiration |
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paraoxysmal |
occurring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms |
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atelectasis |
incomplete expansion of a lung or a portion of it - airlessness or collapse of a lung that had once been expanded |
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bronchiectasis |
chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung |
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bronchography |
radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance |
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bronchogram |
record of the bronchi and lungs produced by bronchography |
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carcinoma or the lung |
lung cancer |
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
process that decreases the lungs' ability to perform their ventilatory function |
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brionchiolitis |
inflammation of the bronchioles |
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emphysema |
chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty in breathing |
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influenza |
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, and muscular discomfort |
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nasal polyp |
abnormal protruding growth from the nasal mucosa |
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pleuritis, pleurisy |
inflammation of the pleura - characterized by sharp pain on inspiration |
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pneumoconiosis |
respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles |
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pulmonary embolism |
blockage of pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or a blood clot |
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by a coronavirus |
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silicosis |
form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust of stone, sand, quartz, or flint that contains silica |
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease |
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tuberculosis (TB) |
infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis - often chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs, although it can occur elsewhere in the body |
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tubercles |
small round nodules that are produced in the lungs by bacteria |
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asphyxiation |
requires immediate corrective measures to prevent loss of consciousness and if not corrected, death |
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Heimlich maneuver |
method of dislodging food or other obstructions from the windpipe |
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tracheostomy |
opening of the trachea |
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tracheotomy |
incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea |
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ventilator |
machine that is used for prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs |
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endotracheal intubation |
insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea |
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nasotracheal intubation |
insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose |
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orotracheal intubation |
insertion of a tube into the trachea through the mouth |
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decongestants |
eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion |
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antitussives |
prevent or relieve coughing |
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antihistamines |
used to treat colds and allergies |
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bronchodilators |
agents that cause dilation of the bronchi, used in respiratory conditions such as asthma |
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mucolytics |
destroy or dissolve mucus, help open the breathing passages |
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transtracheal oxygen |
more efficient, long-term, and is sometimes preferred to the administration of oxygen through a mask or nasal cannula |
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nasal cannula |
delivers oxygen by way of two small tubes that are inserted into the nostrils and is frequently used for long-term oxygen maintenance |
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lung biopsy |
removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis |
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percutaneous biopsy |
tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin |
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pneumocentesis |
surgical puncture of a lung to drain fluid that has accumulated |
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pneumonectomy, pneumectomy |
surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
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pulmonary lobectomy |
lobe of lung is removed |
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rhinoplasty |
plastic surgery of the nose |
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thoracocentesis, thoracentesis, thoracic paracentesis |
surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid |