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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
receptors |
sensory nerve endings that respond to various kinds of stimulation |
|
sense organs |
the eyes, ears, skin, mouth, and nose |
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pupil |
small dark circular structure in the center of the eye which is surrounded by the colored portion of the eye that we regularly see |
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iris |
the colored portion of the eye - contracts or relaxes to control the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil |
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sclera |
tough outer layer of the eye |
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conjunctiva |
mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and acts as a protective covering for the exposed surface of the eye |
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lacrimal glands |
produce and store tears (lacrimal fluid) |
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lacrimal ducts |
openings through which tears produced by the lacrimal gland can flow through |
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nasolacrimal sac |
tears drain from the lacrimal ducts into these sacs |
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nasolacrimal duct |
drains tears from nasolacrimal sac to these ducts then ends in the nasal cavity |
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tearing |
when more lacrimal fluid is produced than can be removed |
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cornea |
the transparent structure at the front of the eyeball that bends or refracts light rays so they are focused properly on the sensitive receptor cells in the posterior region of the eye |
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choroid |
dark brown membrane inside the sclera, and continuous with the iris and the ciliary body |
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ciliary body |
surrounds the outside of the lends in a circular fashion allowing in shape and thickness of the lens - secretes vitreous humor - also secretes a fluid called aqueous humor |
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accomodation |
refractory adjustment for close vision |
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anterior chamber |
where aqueous humor is stored |
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vitreous chamber |
another cavity of the eye filled with vitreous humor |
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vitreous humor |
soft, jelly-like material |
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retina |
delicate nervous tissue membrane of the eye which is continuous with the optic nerve |
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optic disc |
region of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina |
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rods and cones |
rods are responsible for peripheral vision, night and vision, and detection of motion cones for color vision |
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daltonism |
affect either the green or red receptor cones so that the two colors cannot be distinguished from each other - inherited, sex-linked disorder |
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achromatic vision |
total color blindness - inability to see any color at all |
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choroid/o |
choroid |
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chrom/o |
color |
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conjunctiv/o |
conjunctiva |
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corne/o, kerat/o |
cornea |
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dacry/o, lacrim/o |
tear |
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irid/o, ir/o |
iris |
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ocul/o, ophthalm/o |
eye |
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opt/o, optic/o |
vision |
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presby/o |
old or old age |
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pupill/o |
pupil |
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retin/o |
retina |
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ton/o |
tone or tension |
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Snellen chart |
tests clearness or sharpness of vision |
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conjunctival |
pertaining to the conjunctiva |
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choroidal |
pertaining to the choroid |
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corneal |
pertaining to the cornea |
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iridic
|
pertaining to the iris |
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lacrimal |
pertaining to the tears |
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ocular, optic, ophthalmic |
pertaining to or affecting the eye |
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pupillary |
pertaining to the pupil |
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retinal |
pertaining to the retina |
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myopia |
nearsightedness |
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hyperopia |
farsightedness, or inability of the eyes to focus on nearby objects |
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astigmatism |
uneven focusing of the image, resulting from distortion of the curvature of the lens or cornea |
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tonometry |
measuring of intraocular pressure using a tonometer |
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assessment of visual fields |
determines the physical space visible to an individual in a fixed position |
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mydiatric |
agent that dilates the pupil |
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presbyopia |
hyperopia and impairment of vision due to advancing years or old age |
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accommodation reflex |
the ability of the eye to adjust to variations in distance |
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fluorescein angiography |
procedure uses fluorescein to examine movement of blood through blood vessels in the eye |
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amblyopia, strabismus |
reduced vision in one eye, not correctable by glasses but by wearing eye patch |
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blepharitis |
inflammation of the eyelid |
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cataract |
abnormal progressive condition of the lens, characterized by loss of transparency |
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achromatopsia |
profound inability to see color |
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conjunctivitis |
inflammation of the conjunctiva, also called red eyes or pink eye |
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glaucoma |
abnormal condition of increased pressure within the eye |
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hordeolum |
sty or stye, resulting from an infected sebaceous gland of an eyelash |
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macular degeneration |
a progressive deterioration of the retina associated with new vessel formation that can progress to blindness |
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nyctalopia |
poor vision at night or in dim light |
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photophobia |
excessive sensitivity of the eyes to light |
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ptosis |
drooping of the upper eyelids |
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retinal detachment |
separation of the retina from the choroid, usually resulting from a hole or tear in the retina |
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retinopathy |
any disease of the retina |
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iridectomy |
surgical removal of part of the iris |
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blepharoplasty |
surgical repair of the eyelid to repair ptosis |
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corneal transplant |
transplantation of corneal tissue from a donor or the patient's own cornea |
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ophthalmic cryosurgery |
use of extreme cold to remove a cataract or to cause the edges of a detached retina to heal |
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cryoextraction |
removal of a cataract using an extremely cold probe |
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corneal abrasion |
scraping away of the outer layers of the cornea |
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extraction of the lens |
removal of the lens to treat a cataract |
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intraocular lens transplant |
replacing the lens with an artificial lens |
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laser retinal photocoagulation |
uses laser to make pinpoint scars to stabilize a detached retina |
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LASIK |
laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis - corneal surgery in which the excimer laser and a microkeratome - combined to correct nearsightedness |
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ceremun |
yellowish, brown, waxy substance that lubricates and protects the ears |
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tympanic membrane |
eardrum |
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malleus, incus, stapes |
the three small bones or ossicles in the middle ear that conduct the sound waves through the middle ear |
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oval window |
a membrane which separates the middle ear from the inner ear |
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cochlea |
a spiral tunnel, resembling a snail shell |
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semicircular canals |
fluid-filled canals which open into the cochlea |
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auditory, eustachian tube |
leads from the middle ear to the pharynx |
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acoust/o, audi/o |
hearing |
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adenoid/o |
adenoids |
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aur/o, auricul/o, ot/o |
ear |
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cerumin/o |
ear wax |
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cochle/o |
cochlea |
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myring/o, tympan/o |
eardrum |
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salping/o |
eustachian tube |
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-ory |
pertaining to |
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acoustic |
pertaining to sound or hearing |
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audible |
capable of being heard |
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auditory |
pertaining to the sense of hearing and the organs involved |
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aural, auricular, otic |
pertaining to the external ear |
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cochlear |
pertaining to the cochlea |
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otoscopic examination, otoscopy |
examination of the ear using an otoscope |
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audiologist |
detects and evaluates hearing loss and determines how a patient can best make use of remaining hearing |
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audiometer |
electronic device for measuring hearing |
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audiogram |
record produced by audiometer |
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deafness |
inability to hear |
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tuning fork tests |
screen for both function of the auditory nerve and ability of ear structures to conduct sound waves to the inner ear |
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otitis |
inflammation of the ear |
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otorrhea |
discharge from the ear |
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otalgia |
pain in the ear |
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otitis media |
inflammation of the middle ear |
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myringitis |
inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
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mastoiditis |
an infection of one of the mastoid bones of the skull, usually an extension of a middle ear infection |
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otitis externa |
external ear infection, often caused by funcus |
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otomycosis |
commonly called swimmer's ear - external ear infection caused by fungus |
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otitis interna |
inner ear infection, inflammation of the inner ear, and can affect both hearing and equilibrium |
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otosclerosis |
hardening of the ear |
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tinnitus |
noise in the ears |
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Meniere disease |
a chronic disease of the inner ear with recurring episodes of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo |
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vertigo |
dizziness |
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cochlear implant |
an implanted device that assists hearing by electrically stimulating the cochlea |
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otoplasty |
surgical repair or reconstruction of external ear |
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tympanostomy |
surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of an artificial tubes to maintain the opening |
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ceruminolytics |
medications that are used to soften and break down earwax |
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chem/o |
chemical |
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mechan/o |
mechanical |
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noc/i |
cause harm, injury, or pain |
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phot/o |
light |
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therm/o |
heat |
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mechanoreceptors |
sensitive to mechanical changes in touch or pressure are widely distributed in the skin |
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photoreceptors |
located in the eyes - detect light |
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thermoreceptors |
located immediately under the skin and are widely distributed throughout the body |
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nociceptors |
sense of pain initiated by these special receptors |
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chemoreceptors |
nerve endings in the nose and tongue that are adapted for excitation by chemicals that enable taste |
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taste buds |
taste organs which have chemoreceptors for sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes |
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-osmia |
sense of smell |
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olfaction |
sense of smell |
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olfactory |
pertaining to the sense of smell |
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anosmia |
loss or impairment of the sense of smell |
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hyperosmia |
abnormally increased sensitivity to odors |