Timbuktu

Numerous generations and European countries have tried to say that there were no real civilizations before the Europeans came into the country and took it over in the 15th and 16th century. They use this kind of thinking to validate their own involvement with African countries. All of the allegations are in fact wrong because there were many African civilizations before the start of imperialism that flourished and thrived. It is important we study these kingdoms to refute the statement that…

We often create a false dichotomy to make sense of the world around us. We assume that you cannot be strong and also vulnerable or that you cannot be smart and also failing all of your classes. This concept of creating a dichotomy out of two things that are not mutually exclusive applies to leadership as well. Leaders are rarely just transformational or just transactional; they usually inhibit both qualities to create a duality in their leadership. Johnson, Brockovich, and Belfort all display…

Sub-Saharan region of Africa. That Sub-saharan region included but was not limited to: Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Algeria, and Nigeria. The long distance trade was chiefly orchestrated by the Wangara people along the Niger River from Timbuktu to Senegal. It was mostly used by agriculturalist, herdsmen, hunter soldiers, and herdsmen. The trading of gold, salt, copper, and humans by African traders in exchange for cowry shells, cotton cloth, and Chinese porcelain from visitors…

Resting on the edge of the Niger River in the usual searing heat of Timbuktu, Fatima, daughter of a village trader Oumar and his wife Awa, quietly ponders about her father and his current pilgrimage to Mecca alongside Musa Keita I and 72,000 other men. Oumar was individually selected by the Mansa himself for this journey, and as important as the pilgrimage is, Fatima cannot help but to feel perturbed by her father’s absence. Awa and Fatima have uniformly quarreled with each other for the past…

Salt, NaCl, is a chemical compound made of sodium and chloride which has been very important to humans for many years. Salt’s ability to preserve food was the most important aspect for many civilizations. It helped eliminate the problem of only being able to eat seasonal food. Also since salt was rather hard to obtain many people used it as a form of currency. Today, However salt is almost universally accessible, while being cheap and often iodized.…

Rhône-Alpes particularly is involved in strengthening relations and cooperation on a European level, but also internationally. However, the region participated in programmes directed to development of France as a whole. For Rhône-Alpes region are established specific programmes and projects involving partners from different countries, but also collaboration on the international arena. Some of the programmes focused only on issues in particular part of the region itself. URBAN II programme in the…

Significant Differences in How Civilizations Spread their Influence Civilization entails reorganizing the human society besides transforming social development into what the present people refers to as the most advanced stage. Different nations use several parameters to differentiate levels of civilization into various degrees. Parameters include food, national security, infrastructure, religion, and economic status of a country, education systems, and cultural practices. Therefore, the spread…

1. What new technologies enabled the growth of interregional trade networks and agricultural developments? In this time period people made different technologies for different uses. Three things that are very useful are the compass, caravan, and the plow. The compass was more useful for trading. It was used to tell basic location using North, South, East, and West. It made getting to a location for trade much easier. The caravan could’ve been used for both trade and agriculture. It made…

In chapter 13-14 there numerous of events that have occurred and acknowledged over the years. Corpus Iuris Civilis was one of the biggest lasting accomplishments for Justinian’s because of the time and dedication to make such an event happen. One of the best well known Byzantine historian was Procopius. Major threats have come across the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century form the Seljuk Turks. Flagellants are Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves at the time during the…

Africanus’ predisposition stems from his Muslim background and Italian audience for which his writings were published. People of the region who followed the ways of Muhammad were described as having wit and civility. Additionally, the inhabitants of Timbuktu were portrayed as exceedingly rich, and their King possessed many gold plates and scepters of which some weighed up to 1,300…