Substitution reactions

The purpose of the experiment was to examine the reactivity’s of several different substrates under SN2 reaction conditions. Discussion: All of the SN2 reaction mechanisms react the exact same way. The nucleophile sodium iodide attacks the delta positive alpha carbon forming an intermediate that has a partially formed C-I bond and a partially broken bond between carbon and the delta negative leaving group. The stereochemistry is inverted at the alpha carbon as the C-I bond fully forms. Then…

A Friedal-Craft reaction was performed to synthesize 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxy-benzene from p-dimethoxybenzene and t-butyl alcohol. The product of the reaction was filtered using a Hirsch funnel, before recrystallizing and filtering a second time. The recorded mass of the product was .08g and the melting point was 47-52.7 °C. Introduction1 This experiment was designed to practice working with electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Specifically, a Friedel-Craft reaction was used to…

The expression "SN1" is the abbreviation of "unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction", one of the most common reactions in organic chemistry. As a fundamental reaction type, the mechanism of SN1 reaction has long been clear to the researchers, and the rate of the reaction concluded from the mechanism is quite simple. According to the mechanism, the rate of an "ideal" SN1 reaction is only proportional to the concentration of the substrate, which can be expressed as the following formula:…

Experiment 4: Kinetics of Nucleophilic Substitutions 1. Determine the effect of varying [OH-] on the rate of the reaction. To do this, you should complete the following table: Experiment [tBuCl]0 (M) [OH-]0 (M) Time (s) Reaction rate (M/s) Rate constant (s-1) 1 0.03 0.003 65 4.89 · 10-5 1.62 · 10-3 2 0.03 0.006 213 3.15 · 10-5 1.05 · 10-3 3 0.03 0.009 362 2.96 · 10-5 9.85 · 10-4 What is the dependence of [OH-] on the rate law? The effect of the increased or…

Aromatic rings are very unique and therefore can follow very specific reactions in order to add select substituents to its ring. One of those types of reactions is referred to as Friedel-Crafts a reaction, to main sub-categories is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Friedel-Crafts Acylation. Both of these types of reactions involve electrophilic aromatic substitution and are work with deactivated rings (Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, 2010). In Friedel-Crafts Alkylation there is usually a secondary or…

that the data is not consistent to the Law of Conservation of Mass because our results showed an increase in mass. To start the lab, .7 grams of copper was measured out and at the end, the total amount of copper was .73 grams. Throughout the five reactions, the theoretical yield was calculated for whatever substance was being created. Those masses (listed in order) include: 2.07 grams CuNo3, 1.08 grams Cu(OH)2, .88 grams CuO, 1.49 grams CuCl2, .70 grams Cu. Then,…

The reaction between Propanone and iodine under acidic condition Aims To find the order of reaction with respect to propanone, iodine and sulfuric acid, thus proposing a rate equation. Find rate constant at various temperature and with the use of the Arrhenius equation, find the activation enthalpy of the reaction. General Method {For step by step guide of the experiment see preparation page} By using known concentration of aqueous iodine solution (0.000 moldm-3, 0.005 mol dm-3, 0.015…

REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES ABSTRACT The difference between aldehydes and ketones is by having a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group. This makes the aldehydes very easy to oxidize. Ketones do not have that hydrogen atom and are resistant to oxidation. They are only oxidized by powerful oxidizing agents which have the ability to break the carbon-carbon bonds. This report is about the reactions of aldehydes and ketones. This was done to determine how they react when different…

The role of enzymes play a large role in the survival of organisms through catalysis of reactions that keep them alive and functioning. The purpose of this experiment was to measure reaction activity over time and how substrate concentration affects their activity level. A supernatant was made through the dilution of blended potato extract. Then the supernatant was mixed with catechol and the reaction rate was measured in units of absorbance through a spectrophotometer every 30 seconds for ten…

combustion reaction tends to be less complete. The bigger the molecule of alkenes, the more likely to get a yellow, sooty flame. B. Action of sulphuric acid (to be performed under fume hood) 1. When concentrated sulphuric acid was added into cyclohexane, is there any sign of reaction? Ans: No. 2. Do the substances mix or are there two separate layers in the test tube when concentrated sulphuric acid was added into cyclohexene. Explain the reason behind the reaction. Ans:…