Stoichiometry

T. Heinze et. al. reported the synthesis of new 6-deoxy-6-pheylethylamino cellulose derivatives with DSamino 0.4-0.6 by nucleophilic displacement of cellulose tosylates (DSTos 0.74 and 1.29) with a racemic mixture of 1-phenylethylamine under homogeneous conditions, in DMF/H2O82, scheme 30. The optical properties of these deoxyamino cellulose derivatives was studied. A regioselective synthesis of 6-amino-6-deoxycellulose, 6-N-sulfonated, and 6-N-carboxymethylated deoxycellulose were…

CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Preparation of Bis-Thiourea Derivatives The mixture of heptanoyl chloride and ammonium thiocynate with 1,4-phenylene diamine appeared as homogeneous solution. White precipitate was formed immediately when the solution was filtered into the beaker containing ice cubes. Then, the precipitate was filtered again and rinsed by ethanol before being dried in the desiccator. The physical data of the synthesized bis-thiourea derivatives are shown in Table 4.1.…

Percentage yield The ratio between the actual yield and theoretical yield multiplied by 100 is called the percentage yield. Percentage yield demonstrates the percentage of theoretical that was gained from the end product in a reaction. The percentage yield is calculated using this equation: Percentage Yield =(Mass of actual yield)/(Mass of theoretical yield) ×100. The mass of actual yield is the mass of the end product that was gained from the experiment. The actual yield is the amount of…

In this experiment, 25 g of solid sodium acetate trihydrate was added into a large beaker. The solid was then heat for 5 minutes, where liquid formed. 6.3 mL of water and a pinch of red dye was poured into the beaker while heated for 2 additional minutes. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The solid-liquid product was then finally poured on a pinch of sodium acetate trihydrate crystal seeds to form ethanoic anhydride. This experiment was ultimately conducted in order to…

The purpose of this experiment was to use aldol condensation methods to synthesize colored cyclopentadienone and then UV/VIS spectrophotometry to characterize the dienone structure synthesized. The information gathered from the UV/VIS analysis was then compared to a computer model of the desired product to analyze the optimal 3D structure of the dienone. The base catalyzed condensation reaction was used to form the product for analysis, followed by vacuum filtration to recover the product. Both…

The purpose of this lab was to prepare tetraphenylcyclopentadienone most commonly known as tetracyclone. This involved a 3-step synthesis over the course of 3 weeks. The first step was the preparation of benzoin, which was completed through self-condensation of benzaldehyde with thiamine used as the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin…

Gravimetric Analysis of a Metal Carbonate Purpose The purpose of this lab is to find the mass of an unknown metal by conducting a double-displacement precipitation reaction, which is our gravimetric analysis. Once we find the precipitate mass, we can then find the molar mass by using the molar ratio given in the reaction equation. Procedure First, we set up the ring stand with a Bunsen burner, put a crucible on top of the pipe stem triangle and heated the crucible for a minute, then let it…

Determining the Percentage Yield of a Chemical Reaction Question: What is the percentage yield of the reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dihydrate (the dihydrate must be included with the molar mass calculation)? Predictions: Predict the mass of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dihydrate that will be required to produce 1.90 grams of calcium carbonate: Therefore, the predicted mass of sodium carbonate is 2.0 grams and the predicted mass of…

Abstract: Chemiluminescence is an essential topic in the study of chemistry. The reaction involves mixing two chemicals were to form an excited (high-energy) intermediate that releases energy as light. This experiment first synthesized luminol by reducing 5-nitro-2,3-dihyodropthlazine-1,4-dione, using sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) and 3M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The amount of luminol collected was 0.2693 g with the percent yield of 161%. The product of the first reaction was then used to…

Experiment 15B was conducted in order to learn about the Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridine synthesis mechanism. Furthermore, this lab will give students a better understanding of the terms pharmacophore and a privileged structure. In order for this reaction to occur an aldehyde, ammonia, and two equivalents of a B-ketoester go through a one-pot cyclocondensation reaction. After 1,4-dihydropyridine is formed, it is then oxidized to form its pyridine derivative. Alcohol or Acetic acid is then used as a…