Serotonin

According to the researchers, it should be noted that the mechanism of action of antidepressants is based on increasing levels of serotonin in the brain, given its role regulating mood. However, serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in many other processes, such as digestion, blood clotting, reproduction or…

The patient, a 16-year-old male high school student, presents with worsening compulsions, he can no longer enter through a doorway without touching the top of the door casing and excessively grooms his hair because it has to be “just right”. Both of these compulsions place considerable stress on the patient and results in a loss of time throughout the day. Upon speaking to his mother to ascertain a time line for when the compulsions began, she stated that she had noticed his compulsion as early…

context-specific, is proportional to the triggering loss, and ends when the loss situation ends (Comer, 2015). Due to the fact that the biological approach suggests that individuals with major depressive disorder often have low levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), methods of combatting depression mainly include antidepressant drugs to rectify these low levels…

When I was a little, my mother made sure I was involved in sports. Although I’m a girl, she wanted me to focus only on sports, rather than learn how to walk in heals, which I still struggle with today. Tennis was the first sport I joined at the age of five, but that was not enough. As I began training for tennis tournaments, my coach decided that I need to join track in order to increase my speed on the court. For my mother that was a marvelous idea, but for me it was not as marvelous. The first…

Major Depressive Disorder Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that is caused by extreme and repetitious feelings of desperation, worthlessness, and discouragement. Most of these feelings are known to cause impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning or performance. (NEED CITATION) Major or clinical depression is commonly diagnosed with those who have the symptoms every day for at least two weeks. DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) is a common tool…

TREATMENT Knowing how to treat each of these disorders is useful to categorize them and become one step close to answering the research question at hand. However, it is also essential to developing an understanding of the knowledge that can be used to treat affected patients of both disorders. It is important to note that treatment is a means of reducing symptoms, but is not synonymous with a cure for the condition. The most effective and commonly used treatment for Seasonal Affective…

decomposition rate of serotonin and disrupts the production of dopamine. depending on the medication they will also cause neurotransmitters to not be reabsorbed into…

On the other hand, the distributed self would suggest that how people experience the world and make sense of it is primarily a result of socio-cultural processes, which varies over time and space. Constructionists conceptualize depression as an identity continually renegotiated via linguistic exchange and social performance. They would argue that the biological attitude excludes the social and linguistic dimensions of experience from consideration; social constructionist perspective is essential…

Transporter proteins comprise 5% of all human drug targets. This category encompasses the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, ATPases, and the solute carrier (SLC) family. SLC6 is the most exploited family among all transporters (55%), with approximately 42 drugs currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Figure 4.9a)76. Currently, around 60 clinical trials are in progress for drugs that specifically target SLC6 family members, mainly for analgesia, psychiatric…

Studies that relate to negative life events have appeared regularly in the psychological, psychosomatic, sociological and clinical medical journals. So much so that the stress from the events have been transferred and correlated with aggravating physical diseases such as cancer and HIV. (Cooper, 1987 and Breet, Kagee & Seedat, 2014). Selye (1956), defined stress as a “general adaptation syndrome,” caused by an “organism’s response to stressful conditions or stressors, consisting of a pattern of…