Plastid

called Endosymbiosis. The Endosymbiotic theory describes how large host cells and engulfed bacteria could easily become reliant on each other for survival. Phycol (2001, p.951) states that the theory of endosymbiosis describes the establishment of plastids from cyanobacterial-like prokaryotes living within eukaryotic host cells. After thousands of years of evolution mitochondria and chloroplast have become more specialized and today they cannot live outside a host cell. Figure 2…

One sunny day,Angelica and her friend Altasia decided to take a walk in Centennial Park. All of sudden, they noticed a black cloud approaching their way. Moments later, it began raining real hard then came a large whirl wind that swept them off their feet. Angelica and Altasia was no longer in Centennial Park. Instead they were in a mysterious place they never been before. They were in a field of talking plants. They decided to take a stroll in the field to see if they can find their way home.…

An isotope is an atom containing different numbers of neutrons, differing in atomic mass. Basically an atom with a different atomic mass. What’s special about radioactive isotopes is that a radioactive isotope has a nucleus that decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy. 6. Radioactive tracers are used in science to label certain chemical substances, so metabolic processes can be followed and substances can be located in an organism. Radioactive tracers are important diagnostic…

Report 2 Student: Ian Lee Pepito Lab Section: 1 The Cell Cell Structure Nucleus a. Control center of the cell Cell Membrane b. Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell Chromosome c. Filaments of DNA and protein Chloroplast (Plastids) d. Sites of photosynthesis Cell wall e. Cellulose structure supporting plant cell Cytoplasm f. Substance in which organelles are embedded Mitochondria g. Sites of cellular respiration Nucleolus h. Composed of RNA and protein…

The mitochondria is one of the most interesting components of the eukaryotic cell. Endosymbiosis is the term modern scientists use for how the mitochondria came to be. Symbiosis translates from Greek to English as “living” “together.” Constrantin Mereschkowsky, known as the founding father of the theory of endosymbiosis, was one of people who started the concept of endosymbiosis, although he had called it “symbiogenesis,” defining it as: “the origin of organisms through the combination and…

b. The nucleus of a cell contains all of the DNA information of that cell. DNA is stored as chromatin in the nucleus. Without this information and the nucleus, cell replication and all activity in the cell would not be possible. Chloroplasts are plastids that contain chlorophyll and house photosynthesis (Investigating Plant Cells 4). They convert solar energy into sugars that can be used by the plant. The cell wall is the layer outside in…

generated, 25 (18.4%) fragments were common for all Brassica, 27 (19.9%) were unique and 84 (61.7%) were phylogenetically informative. Flannery et al. (2006) assessed polymorphisms in Brassica, Arabidopsis, Camelina, Raphanus and Sinapis using 10 plastid SSR primer sets. Eight loci were polymorphic, and separated the individuals of Brassicaceae into taxon-specific groups (Arabidopsis, Camelina, Sinapis and Brassica genera). Louarn et al. (2007) also evaluated 59 Brassica oleracea cultivars for…

They are the most important Plastids found in the plant cell, and their behaviour is heavily influenced by environmental factors like light intensity and colour. The Chloroplast has a double membrane (inner and outer membrane systems). The inner membrane forms a border from the Stroma…

What are chloroplasts, where did they come from and what are they good for? We all know that chloroplasts are the site for photosynthesis in plants and what makes plants autotrophic. It allows the plant to be known as the ‘producer’ in a food chain. Being such an essential part of the plant cell, the question arises, where exactly did it come from in the first place: has it been a part of the plant cell since the beginning of time or did it evolve from some other species, and how is it able to…

Lignocellulosic-based biomass Unlike starch, lignocellulosic biomass is a plant-based material composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. This class of biomass includes wood and fibrous materials from organic sources, agricultural wastes, organic municipal wastes, and organic industrial wastes [18]. Agricultural wastes contribute as the major lignocellulosic resources investigated for biofuel production. Among them are oil palm biomass [19,20], corn stalk [21], rice straw [22], wheat…