pneumoniae, Salmonellae, shigallae, Haemophilus influenza, Pasteuerella, Neisseria meningitides, Vibro cholera, Bordetella pertussis, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Borrelia and Leptospira interrogans (L. icterohemorrhagicae). Despite having the combination of bacitracin with neomycin provide a broad-spectrum effect, they do not cover Nocardia, Pseudomonas, fungi and viruses. Overall,…
The person with AIDS may develop Mycobacterium avium, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Cytomegalovirus. Moreover, the person can have chronic diarrhea, memory loss, severe depression, and intense night sweats. There is also a condition called Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is a blood vessel cancer…
acetic acid (CH3COOH), an active ingredient produced from the fermentation of ethanol. An international team of researchers from Venezuela, France, and the US reported that acetic acid can effectively kill mycobacteria, even highly drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to Canada’s National Collaborating Centre for environmental health, the acid in vinegar crosses the cell membrane of bacteria and prompts a release of protons, which causes the cell to…
Project 2: Tuberculosis and migration in the context of Singapore Introduction to Tuberculosis (TB) TB is a severe and highly transmissible disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proper TB treatment is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality. Although Singapore has comparatively low TB incidence, there is a rising concern for TB resurgence. For the past 30 years, the Singapore government has been striving to eliminate TB in Singapore through improvement of healthcare facilities and…
Anton Chekhov was a talented Russian playwright and shorty story author. He was born on January 29, 1860 in Taganrog, Russia. Chekhov led a life filled with plights and hardships, and he struggled to make ends meet as his father lived on a day to day paycheck while drowning in his debt. Chekhov’s mother and younger siblings followed Chekhov’s father while he fled to Moscow in order to escape his creditors; however, Chekhov remained in Taganrog to complete his high school graduation and soon,…
Lungs The lungs are important part of our bodies. These lungs represent organs that filled with air. They locate in each side of the chest. A thin tissue layer covers the lungs; this tissue is called the pleura. The importance of lungs is to inhale the air and exhale it (1). In order to protect our lungs, we have to learn how our lungs work. First of all, we breathe the air by the nose or the mouth, then drawn down through the throat into the windpipe (trachea). Tracheasplits out into two tubes…
Humans and bacteria have a unique relationship, which has both positive and negative outcomes on human beings. In fact, the human body’s surfaces are inhabited by numerous bacteria, known as normal flora (Hornef et al., 2002). These normal flora may act as commensals or be mutualistic, which means that they are either harmless or beneficial microorganisms (Cogen et al., 2008). However, serious invasive diseases, such as meningitis and septicemia are caused by several pathogenic bacteria (Hornef…
develop a highly cost-effective colorimetric assay for pathogenic DNA detection, D. Saikrishnan et al. were able to immobilize sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of pathogenic bacterial DNA sequence IS6110 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the surface of tosyl…
• Clinical Appearance This refers to any specific signs and symptoms that are related to the development of an infection or disease. The appropriate description of the clinical appearance often leads to a diagnosis of the illness. • Stained culture/histology examination False coloration of a substance to aid in the inspection of tissues, microorganisms, or other cells under a microscope. • Tests for antibodies to the microorganism Antibody tests rely on on the fact that there are specific…
Antibiotics can save lives when used properly. Either killing bacteria or keeping the bacteria from reproducing is the trade of an antibiotic. The use of antibiotics when they are not needed or not using them properly can add to antibiotic resistance. This stresses the importance of understanding each individual antibiotic. The key areas of interest include; the antibiotic classification, mechanism of action, metabolism and excretion, infections and common bacteria normally treated, common…