Mycobacterium

BHCS2008 Case History 2016/2017 Case history – Wendy Handel Wendy Handel was 39 years old and enjoyed good health all her life until February 2007. Wendy presented to hospital with a fever and a swollen right leg; she was admitted to Plymouth University WITH Hospital for an infection which was assumed to be the result of a previous scratch. Her blood lymphocyte count was found to be very low. After preliminary examination, the attending doctor, Dr Hall, suspected an immunodeficiency disease…

In modern day society, Tuberculosis is presumed to not be the devastating pathogen it once was. However, being a disease from mainly Mycobacterium bacteria, tuberculosis is the second most killing disease in the world from a single infectious agent despite being curable (McNamee, 2014). Evidently, a report in 2013 shows 9 million people who have developed TB, with 1.5 million of this population dying from it (McNamee, 2014). Despite great efforts to control the spread of TB, it is still has…

fuchsin, to stain our bacteria. There are many different type of mycobacteria in this world that shared some similarities with M. leprae but one of the most well known and the most similar to M. leprae is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is the most clinically relevant Mycobacterium species and about 90% of the infections are in the lung because it is an obligate aerobes. A M. tuberculosis bacterium is 2-4 micrometers in length and 0.2-0.5 micrometers in width. It causes tuberculosis…

1. One of the main topics could be the drug resistance mechanisms of bacteria. 2. First, spontaneous mutation which changes the drug target or upregulate drug efflux. Second, Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) that the genes in bacteria acquire to become resistant. HGT can cause multidrug resistance in a genetic event which make the bacteria become resistance. Third, the ability of bacteria that they can form biofilm while they are being infected. The bacteria provide themselves protection to…

simply that easy. Tuberculosis is an airborne contracted disease and in the 18th and 19th centuries, the infectious disease ran rampant throughout Europe and North America. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium…

strain tice) sold under the name OncoTICE. “BCG is considered “gold standard” and mainstay for treating bladder cancer that has not invaded muscle tissue" as well as functioning as a tuberculosis vaccine. “BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed from the Mycobacterium bovis strain. The precise mechanism of action has not been clearly determined; however, the pronounced infiltration of the bladder wall by…

Mtb is classified as a Gram-positive bacteria, and is one of the few bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratory5. Its cell surface is partly composed of various virulence lipids, such as phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) and phenolic glycolipids (PGLs). and mycolic acid3. Mtb, like many other bacteria, is capable of sensing and responding to their surrounding environment. It does so via the use of two-component systems, one of which is called PhoPR two-component system6. In order for Mtb…

Current vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis is limited to the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. It has prevented a large number of potential TB deaths each year, yet remains controversial due to its highly variable protection against pulmonary disease. The BCG vaccine has been administered since 1921 and after years of use in countries with high TB rates, its effectiveness at eradicating TB as a public health problem has been suboptimal [1]. While BCG vaccination in infants has been…

In the disease, tuberculosis, the mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes the harmful effects in tuberculosis. The bacterium spreads throughout the body through methods similar to protein synthesis. However, certain antibiotics such as, streptomycin, help prevent and cure cases…

Mycobacterium (genus) Tuberculosis (species) is a bacteria that causes the disease tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an acute or chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. It is contagious and easily spread through the air from person to person therefore requiring airborne precautions. If someone with TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, the bacteria will spread throughout the air and inhaled by other people. People may have either a latent TB infection or TB disease. Latent TB is when the bacteria…