Beta amyloid

Alzheimer 's Disease Alzheimer’s disease is not a new disease. “Alzheimer’s” was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive disorder involving neural degeneration in the cortex that slowly destroys the memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out activities of daily living (Karch, 2013). In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear in their mid-60, and accounts for…

on in recent years is the Beta-amyloid proteins. These are cerebral plaques that are found in neocortical terminal fields. Beta-amyloids create a loss of neurons and white matter in the brain with inflammation and oxidative damage present as well (Querfuth & LaFerla, 2010). The A-Beta peptides are consisted of 36 to 40 amino acids that are natural products of metabolism. The Beta-amyloid peptides are derived from an imbalance of aggregation of peptides that causes A-Beta to accumulate which in…

cholesterol-like molecules along with beta-amyloid in and out of cells. When talking about Alzheimer’s the transporting of beta-amyloid in and out of cells of the brain is very important. Depending on which allele of APOE is transporting the beta-amyloid out of the brain determines the efficiency in which it does it. APOE-2 is better at clearing beta-amyloid out of the brain than the ApoE4 is and APOE-3 is better than APOE-4 but not as good as APOE-2. The differences in beta-amyloid transport…

The definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s can’t be made until autopsy, when neuronal loss, accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and abnormal tau microtubules are observed (Advokat et al., 2014). The current drugs that treat Alzheimer’s act on brain neurotransmitters, but do not alter the course of the disease (Advokat et al., 2014). Some…

Because the most significant cause of Alzheimer’s disease is age, a sufferer is likely to have inherited the disease if they develop it at a particularly young age, even though these gene mutations are rare. Alzheimer’s disease has also shown to be inherited through a more complex pattern rather than a single gene mutation. For example, the gene ‘apolipoprotein E’ (which is found in chromosome 19) transports lipoproteins, vitamins and cholesterol into the lymph system and consequently into the…

that make for the cell to grow and mature. The specific role, presenilin is known for, is processing the amyloid precursor protein. The amyloid precursor protein is found in the brain and some tissues. Presenilin gets with enzymes to cut amyloid precursor into segments. Segments that are created throughout the process are known as soluble amyloid precursor protein (SAPP) and amyloid beta peptide. The segment, SAPP is the protein that relates to growth and deals with…

neuritic (senile) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid angiopathy (Grossman & Porth, 2014). The neuritic plaques are patches or flat areas composed of clusters of degenerating nerve terminals arranged around a central amyloid core. The amyloid core has a dominant component called amyloid beta, a peptide derived from the proteolysis of a larger membrane-spanning amyloid precursor protein (APP). There are numerous studies that proved amyloid beta has an important role in the…

of PSEN2 Gene is to process proteins that transmit chemical proteins from the cell membrane into the nucleus. From there they can activate genes, critical to cell growth and maturation (What is the normal function of the PSEN2 gene ). Processing amyloid precursor protein is also one of the main functions of PSEN2. This protein is found in the brain and other tissues. Changes in the Presenilin 2 gene can lead to problems and health conditions. The disease discovered is Alzheimer’s disease. This…

Alzheimer's disease was named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer; however, Dr. Alois Alzheimer was not the only person to contribute to the discovery of the neurological disease, Alzheimer's. According to Dennis J. Selkoe in "Amyloid Protein and Alzheimer's Disease," he states, "Even before the time of Alzheimer, pathologists knew that the human cerebral cortex sometimes contained variable numbers of spherical plaques" (252-253). So, the question is, what did Dr. Alois Alzheimer contribute to the…

inherited, which have an onset before age 65. This form of the disease is known as early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Most of autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer’s disease can be attributed to mutations in one of three genes: that encoding amyloid precursor protein. Most cases of Alzheimer’s disease do not exhibit autosomal-dominant inheritance and are termed sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, in which environmental and genetic differences may act as risk…