Axon

Gene traps are the plasmid or retrovirus-based vectors having a reporter gene that is only expressed when integrated in a functional gene. They were originally developed for the study of insertional mutagenesis in mouse. The gene traps were used to identify and characterize genes which were regulated by exogenous stimuli or during development process. The gene trap is a process which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also…

Effects of Marijuana”, the author says, “affects almost every organ in your body, and your nervous system and immune system” (Paragraph, 3). Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects your body in that your neurons release chemical called cannabinoids from an axon of one neuron to another dendrite of another neuron. When TCH is released in the brain is cause rested Neurons, which are part of your nervous system, that are not in use to become active in that it keeps those neurons firing…

Every day, thousands of people are faced with various diseases and conditions that affect them or their loved ones with life changing disabilities. Disabilities that are of a neurological nature usually are those that are the most life altering or threatening disorders and conditions. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is one of these conditions. Even though Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) is a genetic disease which affects the sensory and motor nerves, the patient can survive and be treated for this…

Researching the correlation amongst brain anatomy and physiology is a primary pursuit of neuroscience. Simplistic in its composition the brain is astoundingly the most complicated machine known to man. This mass of protein and fat in addition to being responsible for maintaining homeostasis also encompasses attributes that not only make us unique, creative, empathetic, moreover human. Overview of structure & function The brain of humans is primarily composed of two general classes of…

Category A: Question 2: Brain Architecture- Implications for Parents a. Explain how the basic architecture of the brain develops during the early childhood years (birth to age 8). b. If you were asked to explain the implications of these brain development facts to a group of first-time parents, what would be the three most important pieces of advice you would give them? Before a child is born, their brain is already working and taking in new information. When a fetus is in the mother’s womb,…

myelin disintegration in the central nervous system. The modulation in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein and neurofilament (NF) are reported to be associated with arsenite toxicity. It also upregulate vacuolated axons, especially those are present in the corpus-callosum region [31]. Oxidative stress associated neurodegeneration have been reported as the result of arsenic toxicity [32]. This is evident in our present investigation. Since, cerebral and…

The brain is made of cells and between the cells are axons and dendrites that transmit and receive electric pulses. When active, the brain triggers a release of chemicals called neurotransmitters which creates a pathway for communication. This pathway allows the brain to form thoughts, memories and emotions…

1. Neurogenesis and memory 1.1. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus The hippocampus is a brain region that responsible for learning, memory and mood. One of the important reasons for memory and mood dysfunction is the dentate gyrus (DG) reduction [12, 13]. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of neural progenitor cells generated neurons and glia in adulthood and during adulthood [14]. Neurogenesis also have a role in mood regulation; the dorsal hippocampus is an…

In the past it was believed that the cerebellum received information from various areas of the cortex and projected information to the primary motor cortex via thalamus, thus fine-tuning a movement (19). It was also believed that the Basal ganglia was involved with the inhibition and selection of action commands (19). These views suggest the involvement of both cerebellum and Basal ganglia(BG) in purely motor function. But that is not the case, recent studies have found a connection between the…

Risk Factors There are several identified genetic and environmental risk factors for pediatric multiple sclerosis. Some of the identified environmental risk factors include exposure to certain viruses, vitamin D deficiency, and second-hand tobacco smoke exposure. The main genetic risk factors involved in development of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMC) is variation in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DRB1 *1501 and familial history [1]. Genetic Risk Factors Familial susceptibility of…