Axon

The Effect of Stress on the Brain Stress is predominantly a bodily response to an environmental stimulus. Stress responses are an important warning system to indicate approaching danger. For instance, the stress of physical pain is a warning for tissue damage, the stress of hunger warns of impending low blood sugar levels, the emotional stress of loneliness warns of potential vulnerability from predators and a lack of group protection (*) There are many different sources of stress,…

6. Read the integrative case study on page 332 in your textbook titled “Mr. Williams.” – Answer the following questions.- Chapter 10 • A. Why might Mr. Williams be having difficulty hearing his wife’s voice? Provide specific reasons and examples. (8) • Mr. Williams might have difficulty hearing his wife’s voice because he has a hearing loss most likely affecting his cochlea. Mr. Williams most like has presbycusis which is hearing loss from old age since he is 69 years old. Also, since he…

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among adults worldwide. DR is a progressive disease affecting both type I and type II diabetic patients at any stage of the disease, and targets the macrovascular and microvascular systems of the retina. DR results from multiple biochemical, molecular and pathophysiological changes to the retinal vasculature which affect both microcirculatory functions and ultimately photoreceptor…

concussion is a traumatic but recoverable condition, while CTE is an incurable degenerative disease. When a person suffers a head impact, the brain bashes and shakes around inside the skull. “Shearing forces stretch the membranes of the nerve fibers (axons) that connect the nerve cells (neurons) and, through a process that is not fully understood, trigger an energy crisis: Blood flow, which delivers glucose, is restricted at precisely the same time as the neurons’ demand for energy…

Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. The disease manifests as a wide range of neurological deficits including cognitive impairment, impaired coordination, visual disturbances, and extremity numbness (Weinshenker et al., 1989). MS affects approximately 400,000 people in the US and 2.5 million worldwide and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease…

Introduction and Definition Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a group of nonspecific, nonprogressive disorders of posture and movement control, where cerebral refers to the brain and palsy refers to the loss or impairment of motor function (Hadders-Algra, 2014, p. 1; NINDS, 2013). It is the leading cause of childhood disability and is reported in 2-3.3 per 1,000 births (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2013). This means that its diagnosis varies from case to case…

After the virus is transferred into a new host it enters the unmyelinated axon terminals. The infection then spreads through a chain of neurons that are connected by synaptic junctions. After uptake into peripheral nerves, rabies virus is transported to the CNS through retrograde axoplasmic flow (Concepts in the Pathogenesis…

of it all. The sensory organs I chose to explain are the nose, tongue, and ears and how they connect to the brain for our perception. As we inhale the scent of something, the molecules reach the receptor cells high in both nasal cavities. Then the axons from millions of these receptors carry nerve impulses directly to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is the smell center of the brain. From there, records are taken and the olfactory bulb transmits these impulses to the temporal lobes of the…

Policy Statement: The United States Congress should increase funding to provide body cameras nationwide to decrease tension between police and civilians. Introduction The deaths of police officers are 44% higher than it was last year and over 194 African Americans have been killed in encounters with police thus far according to an article from USA Today published in July 2016. Police use of force has been heavily scrutinized in recent years after fatal police encounters with unarmed Black men…

Burns: The Anatomic Effects Burns have a very dramatic effect on the body. Even the slightest of burns causes profound events to occur that most of us are completely unaware of. We know that they hurt, but in minor cases, such as slight sunburns or scalds, we never stop and think about what is happening to the largest organ of the human body. To gain a better understanding of what happens to the skin in the case of a burn, we must look at the depth of the injury. The skin is the human body’s…