Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
failure of fusion of urethra on ventral aspect
|
Hypospadias
|
|
|
failure of fushion of urethra on dorsal aspect
|
Epispadias
|
|
|
lack of retraction of foreskin, may also cause obstruction of urinary outflow
|
Phimosis
|
|
|
Painless ulcer with white raised edge. metastizes to inguinal lymph nodes
|
Leukoplakia
|
|
|
undescended testes in 3% of males.
|
Cryptorchidism
|
|
|
3 causes of infertility and examples.
|
pre-testicular - endocrine disorder
testicular - testicular atrophy, Cryptorchidism, Klinefelters,mumps, tighty whities Post-testicular - obstruction of outflow, scar tissue, tumors, vasectomy |
|
|
m/c testicular neoplasm in males over 60
|
Malignant lymphoma
|
|
|
what are results of cryptorchidism
|
testicular atrophy, failure of spermatogenesis, increased incidence of germ cell neoplasia,
|
|
|
causes of acute prostatitis
|
bacteria infection
e.coli gonococcus |
|
|
what % of males under 50, 50-60, and over 70 have benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
<50=<1%
50-60=50% >70=95% |
|
|
what is the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
mainly unknown, may be due to change in hormonal balance
|
|
|
where is benign prostatic hyperplasia found
|
periurethral area of gland
|
|
|
cause of chronic prostatitis
|
maybe a chronic bacterial infection but often is not determined
|
|
|
what % of men between 50-90 and over 90 have prostatic adenocarcinoma
|
50-90=20-30%
>90=70% |
|
|
where does prostatic adenocarcinomas metastasize
|
early=lymph nodes(inguinal)
blood streams= lumbar sacral spine page 162 |
|
|
will be matching on the test.
HPV = vaginal wart,cervical cancer gonorrhea = vaginal discharge,salpingitis haemophilus ducreyi = Chancroid syphilis = hard painless chancre |
pages 163-166
|
|
|
cell type involved in vaginal carcinomas
|
squamous cell
|
|
|
type of carcinoma seen in young girls exposed to DES in utero
|
clear cell adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
very rare and seen in girls under age of 5. appears as large lobulated mass that may protrude from the vaginal orifice. Sarcoma botryoides
|
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
|
rare and usually occurs following abortion,childbirth, or as an ascending venereal infection
|
acute endometritis
|
|
|
casued by IUD's, spread from chlamydia cervicitis, or chronically inflamed fallopian tubes. may present as abnormal uterine bleeding
|
chronic endometritis
|
|
|
is endometrium in the smooth muscle. may be asymptomatic or may have dysmenorrhea or irregular menstrual bleeding
|
adenomyosis
|
|
|
smooth muscle tumors that are found in 20% of women older than 30. they are estrogen dependent and grow rapidly during pregnancy. they regress after menopause.
|
Leiomyomas
|
|
|
3 kinds of leiomyomas
|
submucous
interstitial subserous |
|
|
most prominent feature is as part of pelvic inflammatory disease
|
salpingitis
|
|
|
3 causes of salpingitis
|
gonorrhea
chlamydia childbirth and abortion |
|
|
instead of producing estrogens.the abnormal stroma produces androgens
|
poly-cystic ovary(stein-leventhal syndrome)
|
|
|
persist longer than it should and may have hemorrhage into cyst cavity.
produces amenorrhea or menstrual irregularities and may rupture producing intra-abdominal hemorrhage |
corpus luteal cyst
|
|
|
follicle matures but doesnt rupture and continues growing and producing estrogen. usually last for 3 months max
|
solitary follicular cyst
|
|
|
leading cause of death due to genital cancers in american women.
|
cystadenocarcinomas
|
|
|
adolescent and young women and is normally inactive. very radiosensitive and has an 80% 5 year survival rate
|
dysgerminoma
|
|
|
is trans coelomic spread from a GI tract tumor. e.g. signet-ring carcinoma of the stomach
|
Krukenbergs tumor
|
|
|
most commonly in the tube although it may occur in pelvic peritoneum. end result is reabsorption. tubal blood node, or rupture
|
ectopic preganancy
|
