Zooterms: Final + Practical

Front 1

Protostomes

Back 1

Animals w/

-Bilateral symmetry, 3 layers
-Blastopore forms mouth
-Spiral cleavage
-Coelom splits from mesoderm splitting

Front 2

Arthropods

Back 2

-3/4 of animals on world
-Lots of appendages
-Think jointed exoskeleton

Front 3

Blastopore

Back 3

In protostome development, the first opening to develop mouth

Front 4

3 shell layers of mollusca...

Back 4

Periostracum, prismatic, nacreous

Front 5

Periostracum

Back 5

outermost shell layer of mollusca, organic material that wears away

Front 6

Blastopore

Back 6

In protostome development, the first opening to develop mouth

Front 7

Prismatic

Back 7

middle layer of shell of mollusca, bulk, made of CaCO3 layers

Front 8

Nacreous

Back 8

inner layer of mollusca shell, mother of pearl where CaCO3 is laid down in thin sheets that reflect light in colorful patterns

Front 9

Nephridia

Back 9

SubCl. Prosobranchia = invertebrate organ similar to kidneys, removes metabolic waste

(Archaeo/neogastropoda: came up with holes or gills to solve clogging of mantle cavity problem)

Front 10

Pneumostome

Back 10

SubCl. Pulmonata = breathing pore that allows air into lungs, visible hole on the right side of body

Front 11

Nudibranchs

Back 11

SubCl. Opisthobranchs = loses shell in larval stage, great colors and forms

Front 12

Epicuticle

Back 12

Arthropods = top, lipid layer

Front 13

Exocuticle

Back 13

Arthropods =
middle layer
embed CaCO3 for marine species
cross-length chitin by quinones

Front 14

Endocuticle

Back 14

Arthropods =
-inner layer
-chitin and protein

Front 15

Book Lungs

Back 15

Ph. Chelicerata, Cl. Arachnida = found in terrestrial species, respiration organ for atmospheric gas exchange inside ventral abdominal cavity

Front 16

Ommatidium

Back 16

Ph. Chelicerata, Cl. Crustacea =
individual units in compound eyes, contains clusters of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support and pigment cells

Front 17

Rhabdom

Back 17

Arthropods = transparent tube that seves as a light-sensitive receptor in the eye

Front 18

Exokskeleton

Back 18

Ph. Mollusca/Hexapoda/Crustacea = external skeleton that supports and protects body

Front 19

Biramous

Back 19

Ph. Trilobitomorpha = divided into 2 parts (ex: legs =1st for walking, 2nd as gills)

Front 20

Chelicerae

Back 20

Ph. Chelicerata/Crustacea = appendages found at mouth (1st), pincers for feeding but in Aranea holds toxins

Front 21

Gnathobase

Back 21

Cl. Merostomata = expanded/hardened base of appendage, used to macerate food before ingestion

Front 22

Pedipalps

Back 22

Ph. Chelicerata = 2nd appendages, "mandibles" has 6 articles

Front 23

Spinnerettes

Back 23

Or. Aranea = found on abdomen, finger-like appendages contain 100s of tubes leading to silk glands. Also makes spermatophores which males fill with sperm to transfer into females like packets

Front 24

Capitulum

Back 24

Or. Acarina = location of mouth and feeding parts (hypostome, chelicerae, pedipalps). Separated from body by cuticle

Front 25

Labrum

Back 25

Ph. Crustacea = anterior, unpaired member of the mouthparts of an arthropod, projects in front of the mouth like lips

Front 26

Cirri

Back 26

Cl. Cirripedia = appendage used to kick food into mouth

Front 27

Trachea

Back 27

Ph. Hexapoda = grat for small animals because air diffuses and is quicker in warmer climate

Front 28

Crop

Back 28

Ph. Hexapoda = used for food storage prior to digestion, thin walled and part of alimentary tract

Front 29

Malpighian Tubes

Back 29

Ph. Hexapoda = excretory/osmoregulation system, consists of branching tubes from alimentary canal that absorbs solutes/water/waste from surrounding hemolymph

Front 30

Ventral Nerve Cord

Back 30

Ph. Hexapoda = part of NS and consists of cerebral ganglia running down ventral plane of body

Front 31

Spiracles

Back 31

Ph. Hexapoda, Orthoptera = openings on surface leading to resp. system

Front 32

Typanum

Back 32

Ph. Hexapoda = "large ear", detects sound and located behind eye and transmits to inner ear

Front 33

Cerci

Back 33

Ph. Hexapoda, Orthoptera = rear sensory organs used for as weapons/copulation aids. Also vestigial structures, hair or pincher-like

Front 34

Ovipositor

Back 34

Ph. Hexapoda, Orthoptera = females have 2 pairs of hardened valves with an egg guide and valves. Organ used to lay eggs and attaches eggs to substrate

Front 35

Lophophore

Back 35

Ph. Bryozoa, Ph. Brachiopoda

Group that has crown of tentacles used for filter feeding and has coelomic cavity

Front 36

Ossicles

Back 36

Ph. Echinoderm = calcareous plates bound together by CT. Flexible for joints used for rigid skeletal shell, sea cukes degenerated this

Front 37

Tube Feet

Back 37

Ph. Echinoderm = small tubular projects on arms, part of water vasc. system and used for loco/feeding/respiration. Operates via hydraulic pressure and consists of 2 parts: ampulla and podia

Front 38

Pedicellaria

Back 38

Ph. Echinoderm = claw-shaped structure believed to keep body surface clean of algae/debris and can help with food capture

Front 39

Papulae

Back 39

Cl. Asteroidea = skin gills that are projections from coelom that helps with respiration and waste removal, soft and covered with epidermis (externally) and peritoneum (internally)

Front 40

Madreporite

Back 40

Ph. Echinoderm = calcaerous opening used to filter water into WVS, acts like pressure-equalizing valve

Front 41

Cuvarian Vesicle

Back 41

Ph. Echinoderm, Cl. Holothuroidea = vesicle that releases toxins to kill fish

Front 42

Test

Back 42

Ph. Echinoderm, Cl. Echinoidea = skeleton or calcareous shell

Front 43

Aristotle's Lantern

Back 43

Ph. Echinoderm, Cl. Echinoidea = most complex jaw known, scrapes algae off rocks and leads to long intestine that coils inside the test and ends at the anus. Teeth and tongue

Front 44

Bipinnaria Larvae

Back 44

Cl. Asteroidea = first stage in larval development, feeding/movement by cilia, free-living

Front 45

Echinopluteus Larvae

Back 45

Cl. Echinoidea = has extensive ciliated bands for swimming, suspension for feeding, adds arms as developing and changes dramatically with metamorphosis

Front 46

Proboscis

Back 46

Ph. Hemichordata = anterior region of acorn worm, muscular/ciliated organ used for loco/collection/transport of food

Front 47

Incurrent Siphon/Tunic

Back 47

SubPh. Urochordata = water passes through 1 hole (incurrent) and exits through tunic (excurrent)

Front 48

Tadpole Larvae

Back 48

Chordata = have DHNT, notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill slits

Front 49

Paedogenesis

Back 49

Diference between larvae and adult is development of reproductive organs

Front 50

Ctenidium

Back 50

Ph. Mollusca, Cl. Gastropoda = gills for respiration. Plate-like structure that protrudes from body

Front 51

Radula

Back 51

Ph. Mollusca = "tongue" with chitonous ribbon that's used to cute/scrape off food. Found in every class except bivalves

Front 52

Spirochete

Back 52

Ph. Chelicerata, Cl. Arachnida, Or. Acarina =

bacterium that causes lyme disease

Front 53

Spiracles

Back 53

Ph. Hexapoda, Orthoptera =
openings along the side of throax where air enters into and out of resp. system

Front 54

Inarticulate Brachiopods

Back 54

Held together entirely by musculature

Front 55

Articulate Brachiopods

Back 55

Has hinge-like articulation between the shells

Front 56

Cl. Larvacea

Back 56

Never outgrow the larval, tadpole stage. Develops gonads via paedomorphosis and builds a mucous house to catch prey

Front 57

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

Back 57

1/4 of Chordata Traits:

filter feeding organs, repeated segments, usually in embryonic development

Front 58

Notochord

Back 58

1/4 Chordata Traits:

flexible, rod in embryos, made of cells from mesoderm (VENTRAL)

Front 59

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tube

Back 59

1/4 of Chordata Traits:

Hollow cord DORSAL to notochord, formed by ectoderm. Later modified into brain and spinal cord

Front 60

Post-Anal Tail

Back 60

1/4 of Chordata Traits:

Tail that usually is in embryonic stage

Front 61

Oral Tentacles

Back 61

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Fish - Agnathans (Jawless)
Cl. Myxini (Hagfish)


Sensory organs that help scavenge for dead fish and use keratinized plates on tongue to rasp at soft tissues

Front 62

Buccal Funnel

Back 62

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Fish - Agnathans (Jawless)
Cl. Lampreys

Head end with mouth/keratinized teeth

Front 63

Cloaca

Back 63

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Lampreys, Amphibia, Aves, Reptilia


Posterior opening for all intestinal, rep, and urinary tracts

Front 64

Myomeres

Back 64

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Fish - Agnathans (Jawless)
Cl. Lampreys


Segmentally arranged muscles

Front 65

Gnathostomes

Back 65

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
JAWED FISH

Front 66

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Back 66

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Chondrichthyes

Sensory organs, that sense electric fields in water. Jelly filled canals on dorsal tip of nose, the bunch of pits.

Front 67

Claspers

Back 67

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Chondrichthyes

On male sharks, used to grab onto females to insert sperm

Front 68

Placoid Scales

Back 68

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Chondricthyes


Structurally like teeth with central pulp cavity supplied with blood vessels, dentine and enamel-like. Rough in one direction

Front 69

Cycloid Scales

Back 69

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Osteichthyes
SubCl. Actinopterygii


small units of bone that have growth rings.
contains almost no bone, only collagen
smooth

Front 70

Swim Bladder

Back 70

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Osteichthyes
SubCl. Actinopterygii


These fish can float and maintain neutral buoyancy by regulating gas volume. Can protrude outside mouth

Front 71

Operculum

Back 71

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Osteichthyes
SubCl. Actinopterygii

stiff structure resembling a lid that opens and closes so fish can actively pump water over gills when not moving

Front 72

SubCl.Sarcopterygii

Back 72

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata


Rare group. Changes:
-pelvic fins, lobed and muscular
-swim bladder is more of a resp. structure than buoyancy

Front 73

Or. Caecilians

Back 73

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Amphibia

Look like earthworms (long and segmented), have a mouth, NOT COMMON

Front 74

Or. Caudata

Back 74

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertrebrata
Cl. Amphibia
Salamanders

-Long tails
-Live near water/humid

Front 75

Or. Anura

Back 75

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Amphibia

FROGS
-Lack tails as adults
-Hindlimbs > forelimb length

Front 76

Cl. Reptilia

Back 76

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata

-First group to make it onto dry land
-Skin resistant to water loss
-Develop amniotic egg w/ protective covering

Front 77

Or. Chelonia

Back 77

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertrebrata
Cl. Reptilia

TURTLES
-shell covering most of body, ribs fused to shell
-marine/terr
-hard beak

Front 78

Or. Squamata

Back 78

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Reptilia

LIZARDS AND SNAKES
-paired hemipenes (male's copulary organ)
-enlarged Jacobson's organs

Front 79

Jacobson's Organs

Back 79

"vomeronasal organ"

-olfactory sense organ used to detect pheromones between species

Front 80

Or. Crocodylia

Back 80

CROCS/GATORS

-shown little change over the years
-Homodont dentition
-nostrils on top of head
-laterally compressed tail

Front 81

Homodont Dentition

Back 81

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata
Cl. Crocodylia


SAME TYPE OF TEETH

Front 82

Heterodont Dentition (Meat/Omni)

Back 82

Ph. Chordata
SubPh. Vertebrata

Often mammals, shows specialization of teeth for diets.
-Includes: canines for ripping, incisors for nipping, molars for grinding

Front 83

Heterodont Dentition (Plant-Eaters)

Back 83

-flat, gridning posterior teeth
-incisors
-modified canines for nipping/gnawing

Front 84

Diastema

Back 84

Mammals with long snouts that have a gap between their front teeth. Their grinding teeth are diastemas

Front 85

Monotremes

Back 85

Mammals
-Most primitive because they lay eggs (oviparous)
-Ex: platypus, echidna

Front 86

Marsupials

Back 86

Mammals
-Young in the placenta for 1 month, crawls out and attaches to nipple in pouch

Front 87

Placentals

Back 87

Mammals
-Prolonged embryonic development

Front 88

Synsacrum

Back 88

Usually in birds/dinosaurs
-Sacrum is extended and fused to caudal/lumbar vertebrae, ilium.
-Carries posterior weight

Front 89

Adduction

Back 89

move bone TOWARDS the midline of the body

Front 90

Abduction

Back 90

move bone AWAY from the midline of the body

Front 91

Occipitofrontalis

Back 91

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Front 92

Orbicularis occuli

Back 92

close eyelids, wink, blink

Front 93

Zygomaticus

Back 93

lifts and adducts upper lip, smile, laugh

Front 94

Buccinator

Back 94

compresses cheek, sucking, blowing

Front 95

Platysma

Back 95

opens mouth, horror expression, wrinkles skin of neck, upper chest

Front 96

Masseter

Back 96

closes mandible, protrudes mandible

Front 97

Temporalis

Back 97

closes/retracts mandible

Front 98

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 98

both together will flex the neck, rotates face to opposite side, extends head

Front 99

Orbicularis oris

Back 99

all lips movement

Front 100

Arteries vs Veins

Back 100

Arteries: blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from heart

Veins: carries blood TOWARDS the heart

Front 101

Olfactory Nerves (frog)

Back 101

sense of smell

Front 102

Olfactory lobe (frog)

Back 102

part of vertebrate forebrain involved with perception of odors

Front 103

Eye (frog)

Back 103

vision

Front 104

Cerebrum (frog)

Back 104

controls voluntary actions in body

Front 105

Optic lobes (frog)

Back 105

Connected to eye to help with interpreting vision

Front 106

Cerebellum (frog)

Back 106

Motor control of functions like attention and language, fear, pleasure

Front 107

Medulla Oblongata (frog)

Back 107

Deals with involuntary actions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

Front 108

Spinal Cord (frog)

Back 108

tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells extending from the brain. Makes up the Central NS.

Front 109

Cerebellum (sheep)

Back 109

Regulation and coordination of complex voluntary muscle movement, maintains posture and balance

Front 110

Frontal Lobe of Cerebellum (sheep)

Back 110

reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving

Front 111

Parietal Lobe of Cerebellum (sheep)

Back 111

movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

Front 112

Occipital Lobe of Cerebellum (sheep)

Back 112

visual processing

Front 113

Temporal Lobe of Cerebellum (sheep)

Back 113

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Front 114

Medulla (sheep)

Back 114

Between pons and spinal cord. Maintains vital body functions like breathing and heartrate

Front 115

Ventricles (sheep)

Back 115

Rapid communication in brain

Front 116

Pons (sheep)

Back 116

"Bridge" and connects cerebral cortex with medulla oblongata.
-regulates autonomic activity like breathing
-communication and coordination between two hemispheres of brain, transfers messages from parts of brain and spinal cord

Front 117

Midbrain (sheep)

Back 117

Least changed evolutionarily

-relay station for auditory and visual info

Front 118

Pineal Body (sheep)

Back 118

Produces hormones, such as melatonin

Front 119

Thalamus (sheep)

Back 119

Relay station for sensory info, receives messages from nerve axon and transmits to appropriate parts of brain (emotion, arousal)

Front 120

Hypothalamus

Back 120

2nd way to regulate homeostasis:
-body temp
-hunger
-thirst
-other autonomic control systems

Front 121

Gyrus

Back 121

The folds on the surface of the cerebrum

Front 122

Sulcus

Back 122

Grooves in the cerebrum, separates the gyrus

Front 123

Pineal Gland

Back 123

Endocrine gland that secretes hormone melatonin and plays a role in sleep, aging, and reproduction

Front 124

Corpus Callosum

Back 124

Arched bridge connecting two cerebral hemispheres allowing communication between left and right side of brain

Front 125

Lateral Ventricle

Back 125

Large chambers within cerebrum helping:
-circulate cerebrospinal fluid
-internal shock absorber for brain

Front 126

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Back 126

Brain's adaptive response to osmotic disturbances, brain "floats" in it

Front 127

Meninges

Back 127

CSF circulates between the layers to provide additional protection