Zoology Lec Test 4

Front 1

organs of urinary (4)

Back 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 2

2 main kidney functions

Back 2

eliminate metabolic waste

regulate volume and composition of blood fluid

Front 3

most toxic waste by metabolism

Back 3

nitrogenous

Front 4

urea

Back 4

50% nitrogenous waste, protein catabolism`

Front 5

uric acid

Back 5

nucleic acid catabolism

Front 6

creatinine

Back 6

breakdown of creatine phosphate

Front 7

nitrogenous waste measure by

Back 7

blood urea nitrogen (bun)

Front 8

4 excretion organs

Back 8

respiratory, integumentary, digestive, urinary

Front 9

adrenal glands

Back 9

tops of kidneys

Front 10

nephron

Back 10

1.2 million functional units

Front 11

kidney is the size

Back 11

of a bar of soap

Front 12

slit where nerves blood and lymph pass

Back 12

hilum

Front 13

3 layers of connective tissue

Back 13

renal fascia, adipose tissue, renal capsule

Front 14

renal fascia

Back 14

suspends kidney

Front 15

renal capsule

Back 15

protects

Front 16

8 kidney structure

Back 16

renal sinus, renal papilla, cortex&medulla, columns,renal pyramids, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Front 17

minor calyx

Back 17

Collects urine

Front 18

circulation in kidney

Back 18

aorta, renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries

Front 19

nephron circulation

Back 19

afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole

Front 20

renal corpuscle

Back 20

blood plasma filtered

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

Front 21

renal tubule

Back 21

processes filtrate into urine

Front 22

3 parts of renal tubule

Back 22

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Front 23

2 parts of nephron loop

Back 23

thick- active transport to reabsorb salts

thin- permeable to water

Front 24

convoluted

Back 24

twisted

Front 25

3 stages of urine formation

Back 25

glomerular filtration. tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion, water conservaton

Front 26

glomerular filtratoin

Back 26

only lets water and some solutes through

Front 27

3 parts of glomerular filtration

Back 27

fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, filtration slits

Front 28

fenestrated enothelium

Back 28

get bloodcells out

Front 29

basement membrane

Back 29

holds back anything over 8 nanometers and its really hard for protein to make it through

Front 30

filtration slits

Back 30

octopus like another barrier

Front 31

how many liters of urine a day

Back 31

1-2L glomerular filtration rate

Front 32

glomerular blood pressure adjusted by what 3 mechanisms

Back 32

renal autoregulation,sympathetic control, hormonal control

Front 33

renal autoregulation

Back 33

nephrons adjust bloodflow through mygenic mechanisms and tubulorglomerular feedback

Front 34

myogenic mechanisms

Back 34

contraction of afferent arteriole

Front 35

tubuloglomerular feedback

Back 35

monitors proximal convoluted tubule

Front 36

renal autoregulation does not

Back 36

prevent changes in glomerular filtration rate or compensate for extreme changes in blood pressure

Front 37

sympathetic control

Back 37

redirects bloodflow to other regions

Front 38

hormonal control

Back 38

raises bloodpressure by reducing water loss, increasing h2o intake, water retention

Front 39

proximal convoluted tubule (4)

Back 39

reabsorb 65% of nutrients

removes bad stuff from blood

microvilli and length help

mitochondria does active transport

Front 40

nephron loop

Back 40

creates salinity gradient so water is sucked out

Front 41

aldosterone

Back 41

salt retaining hormone

Front 42

atrial natriuretic peptide

Back 42

secrete salt when hbp

Front 43

in lower medulla osmolarity

Back 43

is high outside tubule to absorb water

Front 44

muscle that surrounds bladder

Back 44

detrusor

Front 45

3 parts of male urethra

Back 45

prostatic, membranous, and spongy

Front 46

voiding

Back 46

micturition

Front 47

part of brain that sends bladder is full signal

Back 47

pons

Front 48

2 fluid compartments

Back 48

65% intercellular

35% extracellular

Front 49

sources of water

Back 49

metabolic processes, drinking and eating (preformed)

Front 50

loss of water

Back 50

urine, feces, breathing, sweat

Front 51

thirst center

Back 51

hypothalamus

Front 52

what controls thirst

Back 52

osmolarity

Front 53

fluid dificiency

Back 53

water and sodium low

Front 54

dehydration

Back 54

lose more water

Front 55

fluid excess

Back 55

volume excess, hypotonic hydration, fluid sequestration

Front 56

volume excess

Back 56

to much aldosterone or renal failure

Front 57

Hypotonic hydration

Back 57

roofing

Front 58

fluid sequestration

Back 58

edema

Front 59

sodium function

Back 59

important in nerve and muscle electricity, 90-95% of osmolarity

Front 60

how much sodium to we need

Back 60

.5g/day we get 3-7

Front 61

3 sodium affecting hormones

Back 61

aldosterone, adh, and atrial natriuretic peptide(gets water and salt out)

Front 62

hyper and hyponatremia

Back 62

hyper-water retention and high blood pressure

hypo- water intoxication

Front 63

potassium

Back 63

most abundant intracellular

Front 64

hyperkalemia

Back 64

over exciteable muscle cells

Front 65

hypokalemia

Back 65

nerve and muscle cells are less exciteable

Front 66

chloride

Back 66

osmolarity, stomach acid, chloride shift, and ph

Front 67

calcium

Back 67

skeleton, neurotransmitters, blood clotting

Front 68

ph

Back 68

7.35-7.45

Front 69

acid

Back 69

gives h+

Front 70

base

Back 70

take oh-

Front 71

2 types of muffer

Back 71

physiological and chemical

Front 72

physiological buffers

Back 72

respiratory and urinary

Front 73

what is best at ph control

Back 73

kidneys

Front 74

what 3 things are involved in urinary system controlling ph

Back 74

carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and water