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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylum Arthropoda?
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crayfish / lobsters / spiders / mites / scorpions / and insects
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What is metamerism reduction?
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arthropod body is often coposed of a series of segments each bearing a pair of appendages
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What are tagmata?
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metamerism modified by the specialization of body regions for specific functions / certain areas of the body / for feeding and sesory perception, locomotion and viseral functions
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What is an exoskleton of arthropods
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an external, jointed skelton that encloses arthropods / a major reason for success / structural support
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What is chitin?
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the polysaccharide in the exoskeleton of arthropods
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What is ecdysis?
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the molting process in arthropods
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What is metamorphosis?
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a radical change in body form and physiology as an immature state becomes an adult / crabs / caterpillar
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What are hollow-jointed appendages?
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Hollow chelicerae in spiders inject enzymes into prey and suck partially digested animal tissue
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What are arthropod modes of nutrition?
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carnivores / hold small arthropods with their chelicerae while enzymes from the gut tract pour over the prey / partially digested food taken to mouth
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What is the foregut?
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the anterior portion
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What is the midgut?
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noncuticular and lined with secretory and absorptive cells
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What is the hindgut?
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posterior portion
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What type of ciculatory system for arthropods?
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open system
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What are Malpighian tubules?
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Arachnids that are adampted to dry environments possess blind-ending diverticula of the gut tract that arise at the juncture of the midgut and hind gut / they absorb waste materials from the blood and empty them into the gut tract
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What is the gas exchange of arthropods?
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gills / gas exchange occurs with minimal water loss because archnids have few exposed respiratory surfaces
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What are tracheae and spiracles?
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tubule systems that diliver air directly to body tissues that open to the outside through openings called spiracles
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What are book gills/book lungs?
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modifications of book gills in the Merostomata / paired invaginations of the ventral body wall that fold into a series of leaflike lamellae
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What type of senses do arthropods have?
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variety of sensory structures / receptors are called sensilla /setae are hairlike
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Subphylum Chelicerata
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spiders, mites, ticks, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders / HAVE 2 TAGMATA
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Do Chelicerata have an antennae?
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no
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Chelicerata cephalothorax
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"prosoma" / sensory, feeding, and locomotor tagma
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Chelicerata opisthosoma
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posterior to the prosoma which contains digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs
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How many pairs of appendages in Chelicerata?
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paired appendages attach to the prosoma
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what is chelicerae
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pincerlike or chelate, are most often used in feeding
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What are pedipalps?
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usually sensory but may also be used in feeding, locomotion, or reproduction
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Class Merostomata
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horseshoe crabs / Xiphosura / 4 species today / body form unchaged for over 200 million years / dioecious
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What is a Merostomata Carapace?
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hard, horseshoe-shaped carapace covers the prosoma
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What is a Merostomata telson?
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the long stinger / tail
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What is a Merostomata book gills?
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the remaining five pairs of appendages / gases are exchanged between the blood and water as blood circulates through the book gills
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Class Arachnida
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scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites
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How do Scorpions feed?
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smooth muscles eject venom during stining
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How do scorpions reproduce?
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5 minutes - several hours / face each other and extend abdomens high in the air / maile seize with pedipalps / dance / walk backward and forward / spermatophore deposited on the ground
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What are spider spinnerets?
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6 to 8 conical projections that are associated with silk glands
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What is a spider's silk?
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amazingly versatile substance / protein that forms silk is emitted as a liquid, but hardens as it is drawn out / several types of silk
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What are the 2 toxic spiders?
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Black widow spider / Brown Recluse Spider
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What is neurotoxin?
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attacks the nervous system
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What is hemalytic toxin?
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destroy cells and tissue
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How do spiders reproduce?
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chemical, tactile, visual signals / attract males with pheromones / pluck strands of female's webs / normal
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What are ticks?
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever / tularemia / Lyme disease / ectoparasites
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What are mites?
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1 mm or less / single carapace / usually do not permanently attach to their hosts / chigger / red bug
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Ectoparasites
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parasites on the outside of the body
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subphylum crustacea
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crayfish / lobsters / shrimp / crabs / have 2 pairs of antennae
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What are biramous appendages?
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each appendage contains a basal segment - give it a Y shape / protopodite
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Class Malacostraca
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lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp / laterally compressed, muscular abdomen
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