Zoology Ex 1

Front 1

Dual Pump Mechanism

Back 1

(-) and (+) pressure to draw in and across gills

Front 2

2 chambers of dual pump

Back 2

brachial pouch (area of gills)
-parabranchial pouch (btw gills and flaps)

Front 3

Skates and Rays ventilation has spiracle located where and why?

Back 3

dorsal, behind eye- mouth may be buried and can remain closed

Front 4

Ram Ventilation

Back 4

-open mouth and allows water to flow over gills, no pumping mechanism
-pelagic fish such as tuna and some sharks rely solely on ram ventilation-can't stop moving

Front 5

Bony Fish Gills

Back 5

located in single chamber covered by bony operculum

Front 6

Bony Fish Operculum

Back 6

can close and create a water tight seal

Front 7

Structure of bony fish gills

Back 7

-V-shaped
- primary lamellae
-subdivided into secondary lamellae

*maximizes surface area for gas exchange

Front 8

Bony Fish respiration 2 chambers

Back 8

1. Buccal chamber
-valve is mouth
2. Opercular chamber
-valve is opercular valve

*only way water can enter and exit

Front 9

Bony Fish Ventilation

Back 9

1.Suction Phase (first stroke)
2. Force phase (second stroke)

Front 10

Suction phase of Bony FIsh Ventilation

Back 10

1. buccal cavity expands and creates lower intraoral pressure
2. oral valves open and water rushes in
3. simultaneous expansion of opercular cavity-creates even lower pressure drawing water accross gill curtain

Front 11

Force Phase of Bony Fish Ventilation

Back 11

1. oral valves close and opercular valves open
2. simultaneous contraction of buccal and opercular cavities raises pressure in both
3. water flows from buccal cavity across gills and exits via open opercular valve
=continuous flow of new water across gills

Front 12

Dual phase pump basic

Back 12

mouth and operculum alternately open

Front 13

Concurrent exchange

Back 13

2 tubes flowing same direction, different temps, 50% exchange

Front 14

Countercurrent exchange

Back 14

2 tubes flowing opposite directions & different temps ->very little heat loss from one side to the other (90% heat is transferred and not lost)

Front 15

What type of gas exchange in fish?

Back 15

countercurrent

Front 16

how is countercurrent gas exchange in fish constructed?

Back 16

blood and water flow in opposite directions

Front 17

How do blood and water interact in countercurent gas exchange in fish

Back 17

water flowing over lamellae is always encountering blood with lower O2 -> 90% of O2 in water is absorbed

Front 18

What type of respiration does air-breathing fish have?

Back 18

cutaneous-> lining of mouth or digestive tract: gulp air

Front 19

When temp in H2O rises what happens to O2 in the water?

Back 19

goes down

Front 20

Lung Fish

Back 20

-lungs used for O2 uptake
-gills used for CO2 removal

Front 21

Single Circulation

Back 21

heart->gills->systemic tissue -> heart
*blood passes once through heart
*fish