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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skull surrounds brain, olfactory organs, eyes, inner ear; unique embryonic tissue, neutral crest, sensory nerve cells * skeletal & connective tissue structures
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Craniata
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Skull = cartilaginous bars, jawless, no paired appendages, mouth w/ 4 pair tentacles, olfactory sacs open to mouth, pharyngeal slits, ventrolateral slime glands
Hagfishes |
Subphylum Hyperotreti
Class Myxini |
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Vertebrae surround nerve cord & act as axial support
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Subphylum Vertebrata
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Large, sucking mouth, cartilage reinforced, gill arches,
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Hyperoartia
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Sucking mouth w/ teeth & rasping tongue, 7 pharyngeal slit pairs, blind olfactory sacs, nests for eggs, ammocoete larva
Lampreys |
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
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Most closely related to amphibians/ origin of terrestrial vertebrates
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Osteolepiform sarcopterygians (lungfishes)
*Paraphyletic |
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Hinged jaws, paired appendages, vetebral column replaced notochord, 3 semicircular canals
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Gnathostomata
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Tail fin w/ upper love, cartilage, no operculum, no swim bladder, no lungs
Sharks, rays, ratfishes |
Class Chondrichthyes
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Placoid scales (project posteriorly to reduce friction)
Sharks, skates, rays |
Subclass Elasmobranchii
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Ram ventilation, excrete urea, tissues hypersomatic to water, release sodium chloride in blood out of cloaca, claspers for reproduction
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Elasmobranchii
Sharks, skates, rays |
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Operculum covers pharygneal slits, no scales, crushing plates, lateral-line in open groove
Ratfishes |
Subclass Holocephali
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Most bony skeleton, operculum cover single gill, pneumatic sacs as lungs/ swim bladders
bony fishes |
Class Osteichtyhes
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Lobe-finned fishes, pneumatic sacs act as lungs
Has lungfishes, coelacanths, osteolepiforms |
Subclass Sarcopterygii
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Ray-finned fishes, blind olfactory sacs
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Subclass Actinopterygii
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Excretory structures in kidney
Filter nitrogenous wastes in blood, ions, water, or glomerulus |
Nephrons
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Short tubule system, large glomeruli, only drink water when feeding, very dilute urine
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Freshwater fish
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Drink water, small glomeruli, long tubule system, concentrated urine
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Marine/ saltwater fish
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Outgrowth of digestive tract along dorsal body wall of bony fish
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Swim bladder
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