Zoology

Front 1

Acoelomate

Back 1

Without a coelom, as in flatworms and proboscis worms.

Front 2

These develop parthenogenetically into diploid females.

Back 2

Amictic eggs

Front 3

One of a pair of anterior sense organs in certain nematodes

Back 3

amphid

Front 4

These are electroreceptors on sharks that they use to guide themselves to their prey by the bioelectric field that surround all animals. They can use this to find prey bury int he sand as well.

Back 4

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Front 5

The function of these is to maintain a steady pressure of blood in the ventral vessel

Back 5

Aortic Arches.

Front 6

Between cornea and lens is an outer chamber filled with solution known as ________ ________

Back 6

aqueous humor

Front 7

This is an intestinal worm. This species is the most common nematode parasites found in humans. The female of this species may lay 200,000 eggs a day carried by host's feces.

Back 7

Ascaris Lumbricoides

Front 8

A hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid gland. Released in response to elevated calcium in the blood. Calcium homeostasis

Back 8

Calcitonin

Front 9

Modified peritoneal cells, greenish or brownish, clustered around the digestive tract of certain annelids; apparently they aid in elimination of nitrogenous wastes and in food transport

Back 9

Chlorogogen cells

Front 10

These cells compose hyaline cartilage

Back 10

Chondrocytes

Front 11

These have branching processes and contain pigments.

Back 11

Chromatophores

Front 12

a papilla-like penis or an extensory copulatory organ

Back 12

cirrus

Front 13

Thickened saddlelike portion of certain midbody segments of many oligochaetes and leeches. Produces the cocoon in which eggs are deposited during sexual reproduction

Back 13

Clitellum

Front 14

posterior chamber of digestive tract in many vertebrates, receiving feces and urogenital products. In certain invertebrates, a terminal portion of digestive tract that serves alos as respiratory, excretor, or reproductive tract

Back 14

Cloaca

Front 15

A tubular cavity of the inner ear containing the essential organs of hearing; occurs in crocodiles, birds, and mammals; spirally coiled in mammals

Back 15

cochlea

Front 16

Animals that possess a coelom

Back 16

coelomate

Front 17

Head or upper portion of a structure; ciliated disc on anterior end of rotifers.

Back 17

corona

Front 18

A region of the esophagus specialized for storing food

Back 18

crop

Front 19

Small inverted cuplike structure housing another structure; gelatinous matrix covering hair cells in lateral-line and equilibrium organs.

Back 19

cupula

Front 20

A protective, noncellula, organic layer secreted by the external epithelium (hypodermis) of many invertebrates. IN vertebrates the term refers to the epidermis or outer skin

Back 20

cuticle

Front 21

Farther from the center of the body than a reference point.

Back 21

distal

Front 22

Toward the back, or upper surface, of an animal

Back 22

Dorsal

Front 23

Shedding of outer cuticular layer; molting, as in insects or crustaceans

Back 23

ecdysis

Front 24

Disfiguring condition caused by chronic infection with filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

Back 24

Elephantiasis

Front 25

Bone formation, occuring with the substance of cartilage

Back 25

endochondrial bone

Front 26

A skeleton or supporting framework within the living tissues of an organism

Back 26

endoskeleton

Front 27

The outer, nonvascular layer of skin of ectodermal origin; in invertebrates, a single layer of ectodermal epithelium

Back 27

epidermis

Front 28

A supporting structure secreted by ectoderm or epidermis; external, not enveloped by living tissue

Back 28

exoskeleton

Front 29

A small pit containing only cones in the retina of some vertebrates, a point of acute vision.

Back 29

Fovea centralis

Front 30

An aggregation of nerve tissue containing nerve-cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.

Back 30

ganglia

Front 31

Closely associated ovary (germarium) and yolk-producing structure (vitellarium)in rotifers.

Back 31

germovitellarium

Front 32

Clear, glassy, structureless material.

Back 32

Hyaline cartilage

Front 33

A mass of fluid or plastic parenchyma enclosed within a muscular wall to provide the support necessary for antagonistic muscle action; for example, parenchyma in acoelomates and perivisceral fluids in pseudocoelomates serve as these

Back 33

hydrostatic skeletons

Front 34

Iridescent or silvery chromatophores containing crystals or plates of guanine or other purine.

Back 34

iridophore

Front 35

Also called the vomeronasal organ. A chemosensory organ in the roof of the mouth of many terrestrial vertebrates; the tongue transfers pheromones and food derived chemicals to this organ

Back 35

Jocobson's organ

Front 36

Protective external case found in some unicellular eukaryotes, rotifers, and others.

Back 36

lorica

Front 37

Pharyngeal mill of rotifers

Back 37

Mastax

Front 38

Fluke juvenile that has lost its tail and has become encysted

Back 38

metacarcaria

Front 39

A type of tubular nephridium with the inner open end draining the coelom and the outer open end discharging to the exterior

Back 39

metanephridium

Front 40

Pertaining to haploid egg of rotifers or the females that lay such eggs

Back 40

mictic

Front 41

Cluster of sense cells on or near the surface of a fish or amphibian that is sensitive to vibratory stimuli and water

Back 41

neuromast

Front 42

Lobe of parapodium nearer the ventral side in polychaete annelids

Back 42

neuropodia

Front 43

An elongated cartilaginous cellular cord, enclosed in a sheath, which forms the axial skeleton of chordate embryos, jawless fishes, and adult cephalochordates

Back 43

notochord

Front 44

Lobe of parapodium nearer the dorsal side in polychaete annelids

Back 44

notopodia

Front 45

A simple eye or eyespot in many types of invertebrates

Back 45

ocelli

Front 46

One of the optical units of the compound eye of arthropods

Back 46

Ommatidium.

Front 47

A ciliated larva of a monogenetic trematode

Back 47

oncomiracidium

Front 48

Posterior attachment organ of a monogenetic trematode

Back 48

Opisthaptor

Front 49

A large, multinucleate cell that functions in bone dissolution.

Back 49

osteoclasts

Front 50

A bone cell characteristic of adult bone, has developed from an osteoblsat, and is located in a lacuna of the bone substance.

Back 50

Osteocyte

Front 51

Unit of bone structure; Haversian system.

Back 51

Osteon

Front 52

One of the paired lateral processes on each side of most segements in polychaete annelids; variously modified for locomotion, respiration, or feeding

Back 52

Parapodium

Front 53

Foremost true segment of an annelid; it bears the mouth

Back 53

Peristomium

Front 54

The membrane that lines the coelom and covers the coelomic viscera

Back 54

peritoneum

Front 55

A small circle of DNA that may be carried by a bacterium in addtion to its genomic DNA.

Back 55

Plasmid

Front 56

Sensory receptor located deep within the tissues, especially muscles, tendons and joints, that is responsive to changes in muscle stretch, body position, and movement

Back 56

Proprioceptors

Front 57

Region of a segmented animal anterior to the mouth

Back 57

Prostomium

Front 58

Situated toward or near the point of attachment; opposite of distal, distant.

Back 58

proximal

Front 59

Having a body cavity formed from a persistent blastocoel and lined with mesoderm on only one side

Back 59

pseudocoelomate

Front 60

Posterior closure of a segmented animal, bearing the anus

Back 60

Pygidium

Front 61

A larval stage in the lifecycle of flukes; it is produced by a sporocyst larva, and in turn gives rise to many cercariae.

Back 61

Redia

Front 62

Process of hardening the cuticle of arthropods by formation of stabilizing cross linkages between peptide chains of adjacent protein molecules

Back 62

Sclerotization

Front 63

An attachment organ or holdfast of a tapeworm; bears suckers and, in some, hooks, and posterior to it new proglottids are differentiated.

Back 63

scolex

Front 64

Needlelike chitinous structure of the integument of annelids, arthropods, and others

Back 64

setae

Front 65

Sense organ of equilibrium; a fluid-filled cellular cyst containing one or more granules

Back 65

statosyst

Front 66

What phylum is being described:
-Entirely aquatic
-some in brackish water
-most in marine sediments

Back 66

Phylum Acoelomorpha

Front 67

Unlike free living members of Platyhelminthes, which have seven or eight Hox genes, ________ has only four or five Hox genes

Back 67

Acoelomorpha

Front 68

What kingdom does platyhelminthes belong to?

Back 68

Lophotrochozoa.

Front 69

What two large clades are Protostomia divided into?

Back 69

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Front 70

The common name for the phylum platyhelminthes is..

Back 70

flatworms

Front 71

Parasites of the phylum platyhelminthes share an external body covering caled a ______ ________ which contrasts with the cellular ciliated epidermis of most free-living forms

Back 71

syncytial tegument

Front 72

What are the four classes of they phylum platyhelminthes?

Back 72

Turbellaria, Cestoda, Trematoda, Monogenea

Front 73

many nuclei are enclosed within a single cell membrane.

Back 73

syncytial

Front 74

A meshwork of _______ cells, developed from mesoderm, fills the spaces between muscles and visceral organs.

Back 74

parenchyma

Front 75

This class of platyhelminthes has no digestive tract so they must depend on host digestion, and absorption is confined to small molecules from the host's digestive tract

Back 75

Class Cestoda

Front 76

Almost all flat worms are _______, or have both male and female parts, but practice cross fertilization

Back 76

monoecious

Front 77

This class of platyhelminthes are all parasitic flukes, and as adults they are all found as endoparasites

Back 77

Class trematoda

Front 78

What subclass of Trematoda has a complex life cycle with the first host being a mollusc and the final host being a vertebrate

Back 78

Subclass Digenea

Front 79

most important liver fluke of humans and is common in many regions of eastern asia, especially in china, southeast asia, and japan. Cats, dogs, and pigs, are also often infected (scientific name)

Back 79

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 80

Part of the life cycle of Trematoda. The miracidium penetrates the tissue of the snail, where it transforms into a sporocyst. Sporocyst reproduce asexually to yield either more sprocysts or a number of rediae. Rediae, in turn, reproduce asexually to produce more radiae or to produce ___________

Back 80

cercariae

Front 81

What is the common name for this organism?
Clonorchis sinensis- it is the most important liver fluke of humans and is commoon in many regians of eastern asia, especially in china, southeast asia, and japan. Cats, dogs and pigs are also infected.

Back 81

Chinese liver fluke

Front 82

a stud. roundworm (Dirofilaria immitis) that is spread from Talon Holthost to host( talon) through the bites of mosquitoes. The heartworm is a type of filaria, a small thread-like worm. The definitive host is the dog but it can also infect cats, wolves, coyotes, foxes and other animals, such as ferrets, sea lions and even, under very rare circumstances, humans

Back 82

Dinofilaria immitis

Front 83

This is a condition caused by Schistosome Dermatitis. After penetration, carcariae are attacked and killed by the host's immune mechanisms and they release allergenic substances, causing itching.

Back 83

Swimmer's itch

Front 84

is a nematode parasite, occurring in rats, pigs, bears and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis. It is sometimes referred to as the "pork worm" due to it being found commonly in undercooked pork products

Back 84

trichinella spiralis

Front 85

is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates.

Back 85

vitreous humor

Front 86

This is a pork tapeworm. Adults live in the human small intestine, whereas juveniles occur in the muscles of pigs. People become infected by eating insufficiently cooked pork.

Back 86

Tania Solium

Front 87

a theory in physiology holding that muscle contraction occurs when the actin filaments next to the Z line at each end of a sarcomere are drawn toward each other between the thicker myosin filaments more centrally located in the sarcomere by the projecting globular heads of myosin molecules that form temporary attachments to the actin filaments and become detached when the actin filaments move in the opposite directions toward the ends of the sarcomere

Back 87

sliding filament hypothesis

Front 88

filarial worm disease. If left untreated can develop into elephantiasis.

Back 88

Wucheria Bancrofti

Front 89

a coelomocyte containing numerous fat globules

Back 89

Eleocytes

Front 90

. This specialized stomach constructed of thick, muscular walls is used for grinding up food; often rocks are instrumental in this process

Back 90

gizzard

Front 91

rotifers reproduce asexually in a fascinating process known as ___________, In this case, the female produces one or two diploid eggs (eggs with the full number of chromosomes) via mitosis (a type of cell division in wich two daughter cells are created that are identical to the parent cell). These eggs then develop into females, without ever being fertilized by a male.

Back 91

parthenogenesis

Front 92

a coelomocyte containing numerous fat globules

Back 92

Eleocytes

Front 93

The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a horny material, such as nails. Also called cornification

Back 93

keratinization

Front 94

a coelomocyte containing numerous fat globules

Back 94

Eleocytes

Front 95

. This specialized stomach constructed of thick, muscular walls is used for grinding up food; often rocks are instrumental in this process

Back 95

gizzard

Front 96

. This specialized stomach constructed of thick, muscular walls is used for grinding up food; often rocks are instrumental in this process

Back 96

gizzard

Front 97

What is the genus and species of this organism?Through much of Europe it is the largest naturally occurring species of earthworm, typically reaching 20 - 25 cm in length when extended (though in parts of southern Europe there are native species which are much larger). It has an unusual habit of copulating on the surface at night, which makes it more visible than most other earthworms.

Back 97

Lumbricus terrestris

Front 98

rotifers reproduce asexually in a fascinating process known as ___________, In this case, the female produces one or two diploid eggs (eggs with the full number of chromosomes) via mitosis (a type of cell division in wich two daughter cells are created that are identical to the parent cell). These eggs then develop into females, without ever being fertilized by a male.

Back 98

parthenogenesis

Front 99

rotifers reproduce asexually in a fascinating process known as ___________, In this case, the female produces one or two diploid eggs (eggs with the full number of chromosomes) via mitosis (a type of cell division in wich two daughter cells are created that are identical to the parent cell). These eggs then develop into females, without ever being fertilized by a male.

Back 99

parthenogenesis

Front 100

a coelomocyte containing numerous fat globules

Back 100

Eleocytes

Front 101

The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a horny material, such as nails. Also called cornification

Back 101

keratinization

Front 102

. This specialized stomach constructed of thick, muscular walls is used for grinding up food; often rocks are instrumental in this process

Back 102

gizzard

Front 103

What is the genus and species of this organism?Through much of Europe it is the largest naturally occurring species of earthworm, typically reaching 20 - 25 cm in length when extended (though in parts of southern Europe there are native species which are much larger). It has an unusual habit of copulating on the surface at night, which makes it more visible than most other earthworms.

Back 103

Lumbricus terrestris

Front 104

The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a horny material, such as nails. Also called cornification

Back 104

keratinization

Front 105

rotifers reproduce asexually in a fascinating process known as ___________, In this case, the female produces one or two diploid eggs (eggs with the full number of chromosomes) via mitosis (a type of cell division in wich two daughter cells are created that are identical to the parent cell). These eggs then develop into females, without ever being fertilized by a male.

Back 105

parthenogenesis

Front 106

The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a horny material, such as nails. Also called cornification

Back 106

keratinization

Front 107

What is the genus and species of this organism?Through much of Europe it is the largest naturally occurring species of earthworm, typically reaching 20 - 25 cm in length when extended (though in parts of southern Europe there are native species which are much larger). It has an unusual habit of copulating on the surface at night, which makes it more visible than most other earthworms.

Back 107

Lumbricus terrestris

Front 108

What is the genus and species of this organism?Through much of Europe it is the largest naturally occurring species of earthworm, typically reaching 20 - 25 cm in length when extended (though in parts of southern Europe there are native species which are much larger). It has an unusual habit of copulating on the surface at night, which makes it more visible than most other earthworms.

Back 108

Lumbricus terrestris

Front 109

Common Name: North American Leech

Back 109

macrobdella

Front 110

the free-swimming ciliated first larva of a digenetic trematode that seeks out and penetrates a suitable snail intermediate host in which it develops into a sporocyst

Back 110

miracidium

Front 111

is a biological structure found in animals. It is used to manipulate items (including food) or to move its host about and consists mainly of muscles with no skeletal support. It performs its hydraulic movement without fluid in a separate compartment, as in a hydrostatic skeleton.

Back 111

muscular hydrostat

Front 112

This species of schistosoma. Lives primarily in veins draining the large intestine

Back 112

Schistosoma mansoni

Front 113

1. the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates, composed chiefly of calcium salts.
2. any distinct piece of the skeleton of the body.

Back 113

intramembranous bone

Front 114

The function of this gland is to produce mucus. The gland opens on the front end of the sole, on the ventral side of the foot.[1] The mucus produced by this gland becomes a thin layer covering the sole of the foot, and this helps the gastropod in moving.

Back 114

pedal gland