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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is gene regulation?
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Control of the EXPRESSION of the gene.
In other words, gene regulation determines which particular gene will undergo transcription and translation to make a protein inside a given cell |
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When does gene regulation occur?
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Gene expressions can occur at many different points in the protein-making process
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Which points in the protein making process does this happen?
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Before transcription
At transcription (most common) Between transcription and translation At translation After translation |
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Before transciption
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transcription can't occur when DNA is tightly packed as heterochromatin
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At transcription
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Transcription factors block RNA pol from promoter --> no protein
or encourage RNA pol to bind --> more protein |
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Between transcription and translation
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alternative splicing
mRNA degradation antisense RNA (definitions later) |
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At translation
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Element binds near mRNA start codon and keeps ribosome from attaching to mRNA
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After translation
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Proteins are ubiquitin-tagged for destruction by proteosome
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What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes
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Chromatin = DNA + associated proteins, not condensed into chromosomes for mitosis/meiosis
Chromosomes = DNA macromolecules that are condensed to undergo mitosis & meisosis |
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What is heterochromatin and what is euchromatin? How are they related to gene regulation?
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Heterochromatin = DNA too tightly packed to undergo transcription, so gene can't be expressed in that cell
Euchromatin = DNA less tightly packed, transcription can occur |
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Alternative splicing
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introns from a gene are spliced together in different ways to get a different protein
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mRNA degradation
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mRNA's poly A tail tends to break off bits at a time. If the tail is short, not as many proteins will be translated from it before the tail is completely broken off
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Anitsense RNA
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strand of complimentary RNA that binds to mRNA and keeps it from being translated
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What are shock proteins? How does gene regulation effect their production?
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Chaperones that keep proteins inside cell from unfolding when the temperature is too high
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What is ubiquitin?
What is a proteosome? |
Ubiquitin is a marker added to proteins in the cell that aren't needed
Proteosome is a "recycling machine" that collects ubiquitin-tagged proteins and breaks them into peptides that can be used to make different proteins |
