Zoology

Front 1

axial skeleton

Back 1

vertebral columb/skull/ribs

Front 2

appendicular skeleton

Back 2

pectoral/pelvic girdles / limbs

Front 3

arteries

Back 3

carry blood away from heart

Front 4

veins

Back 4

carry blood to the heart

Front 5

capillaries

Back 5

vessels function in exchange between blood and tissues

Front 6

hemoglobin

Back 6

red, oxygen-carrying pigment found in blood

Front 7

kidneys

Back 7

excretory organs; filter waste from blood

Front 8

alimentary canal

Back 8

food tube; esophagus, stomach, intestines

Front 9

olfactory lobes

Back 9

function in smell

Front 10

cerebrum

Back 10

functions in voluntary muscle activity

Front 11

cerebellum

Back 11

coordinates muscle activity; some involuntary

Front 12

medulla oblongata

Back 12

transports impulses to/from spinal cord

Front 13

class osteichthyes

Back 13

bony fish

Front 14

air bladder

Back 14

sac that allows fish to control depth

Front 15

chromatophores

Back 15

pigment-containing cells responsible for fish's color

Front 16

pyloric ceca

Back 16

short tubes located at junction of stomach/intestine. probably function in secretion of enzymes

Front 17

operculum

Back 17

plate covering fish's gills

Front 18

gill filaments

Back 18

stacks of thin plates
that are richly supplied with
blood vessels for the exchange of gases

Front 19

gill rakers

Back 19

projections that prevent
food and debris from entering and clogging the gills

Front 20

atrium

Back 20

heart chamber that receives blood

Front 21

ventricle

Back 21

heart chamber that pumps blood

Front 22

lateral line

Back 22

the line of nerves that allows fish to detect vibrations in the water

Front 23

spawn

Back 23

the process whereby aquatic animals lay eggs

Front 24

milt

Back 24

milky fluid containing fish's sperm

Front 25

class agnatha

Back 25

jawless fish

Front 26

class chondrichthyes

Back 26

cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)

Front 27

nictitating memrane

Back 27

a membrane that can move across amphibian's eye for added protection

Front 28

tympanic membrane

Back 28

amphibian's eardrum; transmits sound vibrations

Front 29

glottis

Back 29

the opening in the amphibian's mouth leading to
the lungs

Front 30

maxillary teeth

Back 30

small teeth in the amphibian upper
jaw; used for chewing

Front 31

vomerine teeth

Back 31

two sets of teeth in the roof
of the mouth; used for grasping prey

Front 32

cloaca

Back 32

the common passageway to the outside of the amphibian body
for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive tracts

Front 33

amplexus

Back 33

the process whereby the male frog clasps the female frog, causing her to release
her eggs

Front 34

jacobson's organs

Back 34

structures located in the
roof of the reptile's mouth; aid in the sense of
smell
quadrate bone:

Front 35

quadrate bone

Back 35

hingelike bone that enables
the snake to open its mouth wide

Front 36

serpentine movement

Back 36

movement in a series of
“S” curves; used for crawling and
swimming

Front 37

concertina movement

Back 37

snake draws into a tight
“S” and then extends itself forward

Front 38

rectilinear movement

Back 38

snake uses scutes (scales
on the ventral surface) and
wavelike muscular action to pull
itself forward in a straight line

Front 39

sidewinding

Back 39

used by desert and sand
snakes; snake loops its body forward

Front 40

carapace

Back 40

dorsal part of turtle shell

Front 41

plastron

Back 41

ventral part of turtle shell

Front 42

order apoda

Back 42

caecilians

Front 43

order anura

Back 43

frogs and toads

Front 44

order caudata

Back 44

salamanders

Front 45

order squamata

Back 45

snakes and lizards

Front 46

order crocodilia

Back 46

alligators and crocs

Front 47

neurotoxin

Back 47

poison produced by venomous snakes that affects nervous system

Front 48

hemotoxin

Back 48

poison produced by venomous snakes that affects the blood

Front 49

King Cobra

Back 49

largest venomous snake

Front 50

class Aves

Back 50

birds

Front 51

papilla

Back 51

the tiny structure of the skin from which the
feather grows

Front 52

preening

Back 52

oiling of feathers to make them waterproof and keep them soft

Front 53

quill, rachis, vane

Back 53

components of a feather

Front 54

down

Back 54

Feathers have barbules (small hooks) that do NOT
interlock with one another
• “The underlayer”
• Provide insulation and cushioning

Front 55

contour feathers

Back 55

• Common vaned feathers
• Give external shape and color
• Some are used in flight.

Front 56

keel

Back 56

the ridge in the large sternum; provides attachment for flight muscles

Front 57

crop

Back 57

the enlargement of the bird's esophagus that stores food

Front 58

proventriculus

Back 58

1st part of 2-part bird stomach; produces
digestive juices

Front 59

gizzard

Back 59

the second part of the stomach; contains sand and
stones for grinding food and mixing the food with
digestive juices

Front 60

cloaca

Back 60

collects and passes wastes out of the bird's body; common opening for digestive, excretory,
and reproductive systems

Front 61

air sacs

Back 61

series of hollow chambers connected to the respiratory system of birds; allow for a
constant supply of air to the lungs

Front 62

syrinx

Back 62

song box; an enlargement of the trachea