Zool Final 1,2,3

Front 1

20. *The levels of structural organization are:

Back 1

-chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

Front 2

52. *What are the three components of a feedback control system and what do they do?

Back 2

-receptors, control center, effectors

Front 3

Questions: 53. *A negative feedback control system_________ a change in homeostasis

Back 3

-reverses

Front 4

54. *What would happen to heart rate if some stimulus caused blood pressure to decrease?

Back 4

-increase (negative feeback control would cause heart rate to increase)

Front 5

56. *If the response enhances or intensifies the stimulus, a system is operating by:

Back 5

-positive feedback control

Front 6

57. *Positive feedback control systems that are normal physiological responses have a mechanism that:

Back 6

-terminates the system

Front 7

58. *In negative feedback systems the response _____ the original stimulus; in postive feedback the response _____ the original stimulus

Back 7

-reverses, increases

Front 8

65. *When the subject stands erect facing the observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward the subject is in the____ position.

Back 8

-anatomical

Front 9

66. *In the anatomical position the arms are ____with the palms facing ____.

Back 9

-at the side, foward

Front 10

72. *Directional terms precisely locate various parts of the body relative to:

Back 10

-one another

Front 11

83. *Which plane would produce a midsagittal section of the brain?

Back 11

-midsagital plane

Front 12

84. *The major body cavities of the trunk are the ____ and ____ cavities.

Back 12

- thoracic, abdominal

Front 13

89. *The thoracic cavity contains the three smaller cavities ____ and the ____.

Back 13

-pericardial, 2 pleural, mediastinum

Front 14

93. *The mediastinum extends from the ____ to the ___.

Back 14

-sternum diaphragm

Front 15

94.*The cavity that surrounds the heart is the____; the cavity that surrounds the lungs is the ____.

Back 15

-pericardium, pleural cavity

Front 16

95. *The abdominopelvic cavity extends from the ____ to the ____.

Back 16

-diaphragm to the groin

Front 17

106.*The nine region area of the abdominopelvic cavity are used:

Back 17

-for anatomical studies

Front 18

107. *The four quadrant areas of the abdominopelvic cavity are used:

Back 18

-locate the site of pain, tumors, abnormalities

Front 19

Questions: 11. *The smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element are:

Back 19

-atoms

Front 20

Questions: 15. *The atomic number of an atom is the same as the number of ____in the nucleus.

Back 20

-protons

Front 21

Questions: 25. *The atoms of different elements have different atomic numbers because they have different numbers of:

Back 21

-protons

Front 22

Questions: 27. *An electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell is a:

Back 22

-free radical

Front 23

Questions: 37. *The force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions is called:

Back 23

- ionic bond

Front 24

Questions: 42. *The force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions is called:

Back 24

-ionic bond

Front 25

Questions 49. *When two or more atoms share electrons instead of gaining or losing electrons
_____ are formed.

Back 25

-covalent bond

Front 26

50. *In a covalent bond, two atoms share one, two, or three pairs of

Back 26

-valence electroms

Front 27

Questions: 53. *What bond is formed in a water molecule when one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly(oxygen) than the other (hydrogen)?

Back 27

-polar covalent bond

Front 28

Questions: 56. *Hydrogen atoms in one water molecule are attracted to the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom in another water molecule causing the formation of ___ bonds.

Back 28

-hydrogen bond

Front 29

Questions: 60. *The number of atoms of each element before and after a chemical reaction:

Back 29

-is the same

Front 30

Questions: 67. *The energy needed to break chemical bonds and start a reaction is called:

Back 30

-activation energy

Front 31

Questions: 71.*Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by:

Back 31

-lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Front 32

Questions: 80. *Water dissolves most inorganic molecules because it is a polar molecule that surrounds the anions and cations of inorganic molecules with:

Back 32

-a shell of water molecules

Front 33

Questions: 84. *The separation of inorganic acids, bases, and salts into ions in a solution is called:

Back 33

-dissociation

Front 34

Questions: 88. *The mass of a substance equal to the combined atomic mass of all its atoms is:

Back 34

-mole

Front 35

Questions: 93. *The lower the numerical value of the pH, the more ____ is the solution because the H+ concentration becomes ____.

Back 35

-acidic, greater

Front 36

Question: 111. *In standard shorthand, what atoms are understood to be at locations where two bond lines intersect and single hydrogen atoms are not indicated?

Back 36

-two bonds lines intersect and single hydrogen atoms are not indicated identify the building

Front 37

Questions: 113. *What monomers used to build carbohydrates?

Back 37

-monosachrides

Front 38

Question: 115. * A disacharide consists of two monosaccharides that have combined by

Back 38

-dehydration systhesis

Front 39

Questions: 124. *The main storage molecule of carbohydrate in the human body is called:

Back 39

-glycogen

Front 40

Questions: 127. *What molecules are the building blocks for triglycerides?

Back 40

-one glycerol and three fatty acids

Front 41

131. *The most common lipids are ____ which are formed of one _____ molecule and three ____ molecules.

Back 41

-triglycerides, glycerol, three fatty acids

Front 42

136. *The amphipathic molecules having both polar and nonpolar regions attached to a glycerol molecules are called:

Back 42

-amphipathic molecules

Front 43

Questions: 139. *Which of these molecules, synthesized in the liver, is the starting material for the synthesis of other steroids in the body?

Back 43

-cholesterol

Front 44

Questions 147. *The monomers that make up proteins are called:

Back 44

-amino acids

Front 45

150. *Amino acids are the monomers used to build:

Back 45

-proteins

Front 46

162. *The molecules that speed up a chemical reaction without being altered or consumed are:

Back 46

-enzymes

Front 47

163. *What do enzymes do?

Back 47

-they speed up chemical reactions without being altered or consumed

Front 48

Questions: 173. *The monomers making up DNA and RNA are called:

Back 48

-nucleotides

Front 49

179. *What molecule transfers chemical energy to power cellular activities and endergonic reactions.

Back 49

-ATP

Front 50

Question: 1. *What is the cell theory?

Back 50

ALL CELLS ARISE FROM EXISTING CELLS BY THE PROCESS OF CELL DIVISION

Front 51

Questions: 1. *What structure forms the living, structural, and functional units of the body?

Back 51

THE CELL

Front 52

4. *What are the three main parts of a cell?

Back 52

PLASMA MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM, AND NUCLEUS

Front 53

Questions: 5. *Plasma membranes are fluid structures because the lipids and many proteins of the membrane are:

Back 53

FREE TO MOVE WITH THE FLUID LIPIDS IN THEIR OWN HALF OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Front 54

11.*What is the glycocalyx?

Back 54

A LAYER OF GLYCOLIPIDS AND GLYCOPROTEINS THAT PROTRUDE INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

Front 55

Questions: 12. *What molecules control the functions that a cell can perform?

Back 55

MEMBRANE PROTEIN S

Front 56

Questions: 23. *The difference in concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other is called:

Back 56

A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Front 57

25. *The combined effect of concentration gradients and electrical gradients for ions is called:

Back 57

ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT

Front 58

Questions: 30. *The random mixture or movement of molecules in a solution from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called:

Back 58

DIFFUSION

Front 59

32. *In diffusion without a membrane, a substance moves:

Back 59

DOWN ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Front 60

Questions: 33. *Nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules cross the plasma membrane by :

Back 60

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Front 61

Questions: 40. *What process enables solutes that are too highly charged to diffuse through the bilipid layer and too big to diffuse through membrane channels to enter some cells?

Back 61

FACILITATED DIFFUSION BY TRANSPORTER MOLECULES

Front 62

44. *The net movement of a water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:

Back 62

OSMOSIS

Front 63

46. *The net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called:

Back 63

OSMOSIS

Front 64

50. *Which of the solution would cause hemolysis of red blood cells?

Back 64

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Front 65

51. *Which of the solution would cause crenation of red blood cells?

Back 65

HYPERTONC SOLUTION

Front 66

52. *When RBC are placed in a hypertonic solution they become:

Back 66

CRENATED

Front 67

53. *Cells placed in an isotonic solution maintain their shape because:

Back 67

THERE IS NO NET MOVEMENT OF WATER INTO OR OUT OF THE CELL

Front 68

Questions: 58. *Energy from _____ is the source of energy for primary active transport.

Back 68

ATP

Front 69

64. *What maintains a low intracellular concentration of sodium ions in cells?

Back 69

THE NA+/K+PUMP

Front 70

67. *The energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient is used to pump other substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient in:

Back 70

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Front 71

Questions: 69. *The substances transported inside of cells are contained in:

Back 71

VESSICLES

Front 72

Questions: 73. *Materials that are needed by cells that can’t cros the cell memebrane such as transferrin enter cells by:

Back 72

ENDOCYTOSIS

Front 73

74. *What process using intracellular vessicles is used to transport substances across a cell
membrane and release them on the other side?

Back 73

ENDOCYTOSIS

Front 74

78. *A vital defense mechanism that helps protect the body from disease using endocytosis is called

Back 74

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Front 75

Questions: 83. *The nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extacellular fluid is called:

Back 75

BULK-PHASE ENDOCYTOSIS (PINOCYTOSIS)

Front 76

Questions: 98. *The fluid portion of the cytoplasm containing solutes, particles and enzymes is:

Back 76

CYTOSOL

Front 77

Questions: 101. * Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules form the ____ of the cell.

Back 77

CYTOSKELETON

Front 78

108. *A pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material form the ____ of the cell near the nucleus.

Back 78

CENTROSOME

Front 79

113. *A core of microtubules with one pair in the center surrounded by nine cluster of doublet microtubules form a ______.

Back 79

CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM

Front 80

Questions: 115. *The sites of protein synthesis in the cell are the:

Back 80

RIBOSOMES

Front 81

120. *A network of membrane enclosed sacs that extend througout the cytoplasm and connect to the nuclear envelope is the:

Back 81

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Front 82

Questions: 130. *The cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export from the cell is the: GOLGI COMPLEX

Back 82

GOLGI COMPLEX

Front 83

134. *Vessicles that store several kinds of powerful digestive enzymes are called:

Back 83

LYSOSOMES

Front 84

Questions: 140. *What organelles generate ATP through the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration?

Back 84

MITOCHONDRIA

Front 85

Questions: 145. *Where are most of the cells genes that are located on chromosomes found?

Back 85

IN THE NUCLEUS

Front 86

Questions: 150. *A highly coiled and folded DNA molecule that is combined with histone protein molecules is called a:

Back 86

CHROMOSOME

Front 87

Questions: 167. *Transcription occurs in the _______ and translation occurs in the_________.

Back 87

NUCLEUS; CYTOPLASM

Front 88

Questions: 173. *The genetic information in DNA is copied to M-RNA during _______.

Back 88

TRANSCRIPTION

Front 89

180. *The process where the nucleotide sequence in a M-RNA molecule specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein is called:

Back 89

TRANSLATION

Front 90

181. * What particles have a binding site for M-RNA and an A site and a P site to bind the transfer RNA holding the amino acid?

Back 90

RIBOSOMES

Front 91

186. *During protein synthesis the small and large ribosomal subunits join to form a:

Back 91

FUNCTIONAL RIBOSOME

Front 92

199. *A cell duplicates its contents and divides into two identical daughter cells during a:
CELL CYCLE

Back 92

CELL CYCLE

Front 93

202. *The process of______ doubles the amount of DNA and forms two identical chromosomes.

Back 93

REPLICATION

Front 94

Questions: 203. *In somatic cell division, a single diploid cell divides to produce:
TWO IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS

Back 94

TWO IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS

Front 95

224. *A single diploid starting cell undergoes meiosis I and meiosis II to produce four haploid gametes that are genetically different from the starting cell that produced them during the process of:

Back 95

MEIOSIS

Front 96

228. *The phases of meiosis II is similar to:

Back 96

MITOSIS

Front 97

*The human body contains nearly ____ trillion cells that can be classified into ____types.

Back 97

100, 200