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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a zoo according to the Zoo Licensing ACT 1981
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Wild animals. Open to public for over 7 days a year.
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How many visitors does UK get in zoos every year?
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18million.
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What were the 2002 amendments to the zoo licensing act?
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Education and Conservation. Must do either research, training, exchange of information, breeding or repopulation or reintroduction.
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What was seen in the 2011 zoo licensing act review?
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New zoos were licensed during build.
30% of licensing staff had no training. |
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What are the problems with health and welfare in zoos?
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No comparison point to other animals. And those identical ones in groups are at a disadvantage from a welfare POV. Records should be kept.
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What is CITES?
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Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. It is ment to prevent commercial trading and theft issues.
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What is the point of stud books?
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To prevent inbreeding.
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What do ID methods have to have?
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Minimise pain, allow ID from distance, be long lasting and acceptable to visitors. There are legal requirements for some species. Bovines must be eartagged - but do tagging out of view of visitors.
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What is enrichment?
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A change that benefits the animal without drawbacks.
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What is an example of a non-enriching treatment?
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Southern hairy nosed wombat. Been given food and olfactory treatments - browse, sward, buried food and scented logs. No effect on stereotypies.
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Example of an enriching treatment?
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Live vs dead fish. 30% drop in stereotypy. More natural foraging. In sumatran tigers.
Bones with food, 30% drop in stereotypy. Sumartran tigers and african lions. |
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Example of increased behavioural diversity?
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Spectacled bear. Having a climbing structure reduced stereotypical behaviours.
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What are the 5 sorts of enrichment?
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Food, physical, sensory, social and cognitive.
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Why are solitary oragutanges housed in groups?
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Because they have improved welfare when socially housed.
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Why do social gorillas live alone?
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Too many male gorillas for females. Bachelor groups are difficult to manage.
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Why are some species asocial?
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Bcause when housed male and female, in polar bears, exploratory behaviour is suppressed.
When housed in larger group sizes small exotic felids have a lower reproductive success. |
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What are the solutions to breed asocial species?
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Create separate refuges for females. Only house individuals together for mating purposes.
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How do stereotypies differ within species?
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Herbivors have oral stereotypies. Carnivores have locomotion stereotypies.
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What are 5 avian stereotypies?
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Over preening, feather picking, self mutilation, route tracing and spot picking.
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What are examples of puzzle feeders?
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Suspended bag, fruit kebab, nuts on wire, log feeders.
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What has a significant difference on visitor education?
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Presence of a scientist
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What does showing teeth and widely opening mouth in crested macaques say about their state of mind?
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Anxious
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What are the 5 freedoms?
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Freedom from... hunger/thrist/malnutrition. Discomfort. Pain/injury/disease. To express natural behaviours. Fear and distress.
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What are the problems with research within zoos?
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Small data set. Non independent data. Non natural environments.
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How can small data sets be improved?
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using a randomisation test.
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Why should we captive breed?
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Sustain zoo populations, conservation, research, re-introduction
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How is reproduction planned?
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Using TAG (taxon advisory groups).
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What is parthogenesis?
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Virgin conception e.g komodo dragon.
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What are cues for breeding?
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Environmental conditions, avaliability of mates and avaliability of food. e.g zebra finches need rain and day length cues.
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What are the limitations of captive breeding?
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Establishing enough populations. Poor success in reintroductions. High cost. Domestication. Disease outbreaks. Admin fees.
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What is a problem with amphibian consevation?
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Kitrid fungus. Golden frogs were removed from the wild so they didn't die out.
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