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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much blood can be drawn from a bird?
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1% in healthy bird
0.5% sick bird |
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Which white blood cell is most common in birds?
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lymphocyte
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Which protein fractions are elevated in acute disease?
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alpha 1, alpha 2, beta
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Which protein fraction are elevated in chronic disease?
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Gamma
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Which avian diseases have PCR tests available?
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Beak and feather
polyomavirus chlamydia mycobacteria bornavirus |
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What fluids are given for maintenance of avian patients?
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60-100 ml/kg/day
or 1-1.5 MEC (in ml/day) |
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Which injectable agents can be used for sedation, anesthesia of birds?
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diazepam
midazolam- less effect on BP, blood gas propofol- waterfowl telazol |
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Can a mask be used for gas anesthesia in birds?
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Short procedures only- < 15 minutes
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How often to give breaths in avian patients under anesthesia?
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4-6/min
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What does heart rate do in response to pain in avian patients?
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Drops!
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What parameters are used to monitor birds under anesthesia?
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palpebral reflex
degree of muscular relaxation delayed pupillary light reflex, nictitating membrane |
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What fluid rate is given to birds under anesthesia?
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5-10 ml/kg/hr
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Normal temp and BP?
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102-108
90-150 mmHg |
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True/False. PaO2 is a reliable indicator of ventilatory status of birds under anesthesia.
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False.
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What type of suture is appropriate for bird's fragile skin?
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fine monofilament synthetics, such as PDS II
Taper needles |
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What is the surgical approach to the proventriculus?
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L 7th-8th ribs
or midline, with flap to the left |
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How long does it take for callus formation in the bird?
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2-3 weeks
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How long for complete bone healing in a bird?
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6 weeks
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When is transfusion indicated?
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anemia < 15%
hypoproteinemia perfusion deficiencies |
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What is the shock dose for fluids in an avian patient?
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30 ml/kg bolus, or 1/2 MEC
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What is the maximum stomach capacity of a bird?
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50 ml/kg
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What should be checked to avoid refeeding syndrome?
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TS < 1.0 should not receive whole food
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How to feed a starving avian patient?
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Hydrate first
B vitamins and oral electrolytes formula low in CHO, high in fat, adequate protein |
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What analgesics are available for birds with mild to moderate pain?
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meloxicam
butorphanol buprenorphine |
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Voice change is indicative of what in critical avian patients?
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Lower respiratory emergency
(goiter) |
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Unilateral paresis/paralysis in pet birds may be due to what?
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renal adenoma
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What nutritional deficits are in seed diets?
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calcium
vitamin A iodine some essential amino acids |
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What is a good balanced diet ratio for pet birds?
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80% pellets
20% fresh veggies seed as treat |
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What is one good thing to check if hypovitaminosis A is suspect?
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choanal papillae
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What chemistry values will be elevated in birds with hepatic lipidosis?
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AST
TG cholesterol bile acids |
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What to do for a bird with hepatic lipidosis with acute toxemia?:
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fluids
high quality low protein, high carb diet |
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What are the agents of Psittacine Hepatitis Virus?
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herpes
papovirus adenovirus reovirus |
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Pacheco's Disease
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Psittacine Herpesvirus hepatitis
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True/False. It is possible to identify and eliminate carriers of psittacine herpesvirus hepatitis (Pacheco's disease).
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False.
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Which virus family is implicated in Budgerigar fledgling disease?
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Polyomavirus
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Which diseases make up the complex "French molt"?
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Budgerigar fledgling disease
Psittacine Beach and Feather Disease |
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>10% gram - organisms on fecal is indicative of what?
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bacterial enteritis
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A new wire cage, homemade. What might you be concerned about?
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Zinc toxicosis.
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True/False. Hypocalcemia in African Grey parrots includes weakness, poor feather condition, and/or metabolic bone disease.
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False. Does not show metabolic bone disease.
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True/False. Diabetes mellitus in psittacines, unlike mammals, is usually due to glucagon derangement.
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True.
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Predisposing factors for gout?
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hyperuricemia (renal failure)
high protein diet |
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What hormonal treatment is used for psittacines with chronic egg laying?
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synthetic GnRH (lupron)
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A pigeon has warts on body and wings. should you remove them?
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No- will spread.
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Chlamydia has high/low virulence in pigeons.
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Low virulence.
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canker, frounce
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Trichomonas
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Treatment for canker?
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metronidazole
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A racing pigeon is diagnosed with capillaria. What to use for treatment?
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Avoid albendazole or fenbendazole. Ivermectin?
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Polyomavirus and papillomavirus cause what in passerine birds?
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tassel foot
nestling mortality |
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True/False. Hemachromatosis is seen in passerines and toucans, but not psittacines very often.
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True.
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Nutritional predisposition for angel wing, bandyleg?
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high protein
low Ca++, Mn++ or vitamin D |
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Which viral disease of waterfowl has a near 100% mortality rate?
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Viral Hepatitis (picornavirus)
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What does adenovirus cause in birds?
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Psittacines: GI or hepatic disease
Waterfowl: respiratory disease Raptors: melena, anemia |
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Which two diseases of waterfowl are spread primarily by contamination of environment with contaminated carcasses?
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Botulism
Avian cholera (pasteurella multocida) |
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Which infectious diseases of raptors are transmitted by feeding on infected prey?
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Herpesvirus
Adenovirus |
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A chicken with hindlimb weakness and an abnormally shaped iris.
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Marek's disease
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Which bacterial disease of chickens includes treatment of eggs in the protocol?
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M. gallisepticum air sacculitis
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Infectious Coryza
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Hemophilus paragallinarum
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