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zoo 2011 2

Zoo 2011 2

by jnevarez@vetmed.lsu.edu, Sep. 2011

Subjects: 2 2011 zoo

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45 Cards in this Set

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	A transversus abdominus plane block can be performed within the facila plane of the transversus abdominis muscle and what other muscle? a. internal oblique b. external oblique c. transverse oblique d. rectus abdominis e. pyramidalis	A transversus abdominus plane block can be performed within the facila plane of the transversus abdominis muscle and what other muscle? a. internal oblique JZWM 2010 41 (2)
	What analgesic was used for a transversus abdominus plane block in a lynx? a. lidocaine b. proparacaine c. benzocaine d. bupivicane e. mepivacaine	What analgesic was used for a transversus abdominus plane block in a lynx? d. bupivicane JZWM 2010 41 (2)
	What drug was most effective for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in macropods? a. ivermectin b. fenbendazole c. metronidazole d. monensin e. atovaquone	What drug was most effective for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in macropods? e. atovaquone JZWM 2010 41(1)
	What was observed in red foxes immobilized with medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-midazolam? a. MM group had faster recoveries b. MK group had higher rectal temperatures c. MM high dose had lower blood presures d. MK group had faster induction e. MK group had rough recoveries	What was observed in red foxes immobilized with medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-midazolam? b. MK group had higher rectal temperatures JZWM 2010 41(1) no diff induction b/n Ketamine and Midazolam groups -all combos effective for 20-25 min -MK = higher rectal TEMP -BP = higher in high dose Midazolam -recovery: Ketamine > Midazolam -midazolam had smoother recoveries but MK did not have rough ones
	What was observed when using transmucosal versus injectable medetomidine in chimpanzees? a. faster recovery in the transmucosal b. the injectable group had less darting anxiety c. transmucosal group did not achieve sedation d. faster time from telazol administration until human contact was possible in the transmucosal group e. transmucosal administration led to levels too deep in 50% of the animals	What was observed when using transmucosal versus injectable medetomidine followed by telazol injectable in chimpanzees? a. faster recovery in the transmucosal JZWM 41(1)
	Which of the following was the best sampling for sampling saliva from free-range mountain gorillas? a. soaking plant material b. directly swabbing wild celery c. washing wild celery d. juice soaked dental ropes e. swabbing tree bark	Which of the following was the best sampling for sampling saliva from free-range mountain gorillas? b. directly swabbing wild celery -celery was the best plant to sample -juice rope for captives only -Wild celery stored in cool box and sampled w/in 4 hrs. provided for the most consistent saliva recovery and is eaten year round by mountain gorillas in Rwanda JZWM 41(2)
	What was identified in ophthalmic exams of red kangaroos? a. horizontal pupils with black iris b. presence of tapetum lucidum c. intraocular pressure decreased after 3 yrs of age d. Corynebacterium was the most common bacteria in the conjunctiva	What was identified in ophthalmic exams of red kangaroos? c. intraocular pressure decreased after 3 yrs of age -round pupil with a uniformly brown iris and a red to orange fundic reflection - medium brown to reddish fundus with no tapetum lucidum and a myelinated round optic disc -no diff b/n eyes or gender -IOP dec. w/ age after 3yrs -Staph > Corynebacterium JZWM 41(2)
	What is true for captive male guanacos anesthetized with med-ket-butorphanol and reversed with atipamezole and nlatrexone? a. poor muscle relaxation during anesthesia b. apnea was common in most animals c. tachycardia in all animals across all time points d. hypoxemia responded to oxygen supplementation e. do not recommend reversals due to rough recoveries	What is true for captive male guanacos anesthetized with med-ket-butorphanol and reversed with atipamezole and nlatrexone? d. hypoxemia responded to oxygen supplementation -smooth induction and recoveries -good muscle relaxation -spontaneous ventilation throughout -bradycardia JZWM 41(2)
	What was observed in slender-tailed meerkats with acute pancreatitis? a. normal cholesterol b. normal tryglycerides c. increased feline pancreatic lipase immunorecativity d. caused by sudden change to higher fat diet e. increased amylase and lipase	What was observed in slender-tailed meerkats with acute pancreatitis? e. increased amylase and lipase, also increased Chol and TG -serum grossly lipemic -unknown cause -serum canine and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI and fPLI) concentrations no correlation in meerkats - common risk factors identified were obesity and hyperlipidemia, a change to a higher-fat diet, and genetic predisposition -hyperlipidemia was inconsistently present in many meerkats JZWM 41(2)
	A chronic facial abscess in a golden lion tamarin was resolved with cefatzidime in what medium? a. poloxamer 407, a thermoreversable polymer gel b. polymethylmethacrylate beads c. hydrasorb wound dressing d. dmso e. impregnated gauze	A chronic facial abscess in a golden lion tamarin was resolved with cefatzidime in what medium? a. poloxamer 407, a thermoreversable polymer gel JZWM 41(2)
	Comparison of Racemic Ketamine Versus (S+) Ketamine When Combined with Midazolam for Anesthesia of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata	-no significant differences in the induction, immobilization, and recovery times but,.. -callitrichines administered S(+) ketamine did not have improved muscle relaxation and had a higher incidence of adverse effects when compared to animals administered racemic ketamine. JZWM 41(3)
	What was observed in captive ruminants after diet manipulation to asses effects on Ca, P, and Mg? a. increased Ca and Mg b. decreased P and increased Mg c. decreased Ca and P d. no effects on any minerals e. decreased P and Mg	What was observed in captive ruminants after diet manipulation to asses effects on Ca, P, and Mg? b. decreased P and increased Mg w/ no change in Ca Ca:P >1 P: dec. kudu, eland, bongo, > nyala and giraffe Mg: inc. kudu, eland > bongo, nyala, giraffe diet change had a generally positive effect on serum P and Mg levels JZWM 41(3)
	What is correct about an aoutbreak of Cryptosporidium in captive sifakas at the Duke lemur center? a. increased prevalence in the warmer months b. more sever in older animals c. no effect from seasonality d. affected only those species in contact with sifakas	What is correct about an aoutbreak of Cryptosporidium in captive sifakas at the Duke lemur center? a. increased prevalence in the warmer months - May to October w/ peak in June and July -young > old -only sifakas affected, no other lemur spp. affected JZWM 41(3)
	What was identified on analysis of cytokines in Mycobacterium seropositive elephants? a. higher levels of IL-10 and IL-4 b. higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of TGF-β c. high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β d. High levels of TNF-α and IL-12 e. high levels of IL-2	What was identified on analysis of cytokines in Mycobacterium seropositive elephants? b. higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of TGF-β trend but no stat sig: -high IFN-γ and IL-4 -low IL-10 and IL-12 -IL-2 levels below sensitivity of PCR JZWM 41(3)
	Surveillance of rabies and bite protocols in zoos revealed? a. more bite incidents per zoo involving personnel over visitors b. bites to visitors were of greater severity than those of personnel c. bites were commonly reported to the health department d. animals involved in bites to visitors had longer quarantine periods than in bites involving personnel e. mammalian bites were uncommon	Surveillance of rabies and bite protocols in zoos revealed? d. animals involved in bites to visitors had longer quarantine periods than in bites involving personnel -average quarantine of 47.5 days when the bite involved a zoo visitor versus an average quarantine of 18 days when the bite involved personnel -9.1 bite incidents per zoo involving zoo visitors , 7.5 bite incidents per zoo involving personnel -zoo personnel had worst bites -low reporting to DHH -common mammalian bites JZWM 41(3)
	What was observed in a natural outbreak of EHD in a facility housing captive hoof-stock? a. mortality in white tail deer and elk b. mortality in bison and elk c. mortality in cattle and bison d. mortality in goats only e. mortality in white tail deer only	What was observed in a natural outbreak of EHD in a facility housing captive hoof-stock? e. mortality in white tail deer only -animals that neutralized EHDV-1 did not neutralize EHDV-2 -serum from all spp. neutralized EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 but, animals that neutralized EHDV-1 did not neutralize EHDV-2 -prior exp infcetion in biosn and elk but this is 1st natural for these spp. JZWM 41(3)
	What is correct about the use of laryngeal masks in pediatric apes? a. it provides more effective ventilation than an endotracheal tube b. it is more stimulating than and endotracheal tube c. it has more dead space than a face mask d. it has the same waste gas exposure as a face mask e. it provides a method to effectively ventilate versus a face mask	What is correct about the use of laryngeal masks in pediatric apes? e. it provides a method to effectively ventilate versus a face mask vs. face mask, : -more secure airway -effectively ventilate the patient -less dead space leads to lower rebreathing CO2 -less exposure of personnel to waste gases - vs. ET: -less airway trauma -easier to place -less stimulating to the patient. -should be considered for use in fasted non-human primates presented for procedures lasting less than 60 min where high peak inspiratory pressures are not needed. JZWM 41(3)
	Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo in a Sub-Adult Eastern Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)	-multifocal hypopigmentation with melanin incontinence and mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic dermatitis consistent with vitiligo - UV-B narrowband phototherapy = repigmentation of the treatment areas JZWM 41(4)
	Comparison of Thiafenantil-Xylazine and Carfentanil-Xylazine for Immobilization of Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) - TX: more hypertensive more rapid induction and recovery but not sig. smoother induction better immobilization but not sig. -TX over CX	- TX: more hypertensive more rapid induction and recovery but not sig. smoother induction better immobilization but not sig. -TX over CX JZWM 41(4)
	Decreased Baseline Fecal Glucocorticoid Concentrations Associated with Skin and Oral Lesions in Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)	-no relationships between ex situ variables, or rhino behavior indices, and lesion onset - baseline mean glucocorticoid lower in rhinos with lesions - suggests ulcerative lesions may be associated with changes in adrenal activity, although it is not clear if this is a cause or effect of disease JZWM 41(4)
	Nonfatal Clinical Presentation of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpes Virus Discovered in a Group of Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)	EEHV-1: -cutaneous lesions in healthy African elephants -fatal cases of hemorrhagic syndrome in Asian elephants -EEHV-2: -pulmonary nodules of otherwise healthy African elephants as well as in lethal cases in this species -EEHV-1a, 1b, 3, 4: fatal cases of hemorrhagic syndrome in Asian - until now, no EEHV-1 strain has been identified or associated with otherwise healthy Asian elephants - recurrent nonendothelial lesions associated with EEHV-1 infection in a herd of Asian elephants not exhibiting fatal hemorrhagic syndrome - same EEHV-1 genotypes were identified in fatal cases and mucosal lesions in otherwise healthy Asian elephants in this herd JZWM 41(4)
	What treatment improved the electroejaculation technique in agoutis? a. ketamine b. xylazine c. ascorbic acid d. midazolam e. medetomidine	What treatment improved the electroejaculation technique in agoutis? b. xylazine 40mg/kg best but 20 mg/kg also worked JZWM 41(4)
	Radiographic Imaging and Possible Causes of a Carpal Varus Deformity in an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) -To obtain a single image of the carpal region, radiographs were assembled digitally using a composite technique -deviation of the limb's axis of approximately 25° in the region of distal physis of the radius and ulna and a wedge-shaped epiphysis of the ulna	Radiographic Imaging and Possible Causes of a Carpal Varus Deformity in an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) -To obtain a single image of the carpal region, radiographs were assembled digitally using a composite technique -deviation of the limb's axis of approximately 25° in the region of distal physis of the radius and ulna and a wedge-shaped epiphysis of the ulna JZWM 41(4)
	Debilitating Clinical Disease in a Wild-Born Captive Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Co-Infected with Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) and Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus (STLV) -severe thoracic and axillary cutaneous ulceration of T2–3 dermatome distribution, gastroenteritis, ulcerative stomatitis, emaciation, hind limb weakness or paresis, and decubitus ulcers of the ankles and elbows.	Debilitating Clinical Disease in a Wild-Born Captive Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Co-Infected with Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) and Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus (STLV) -severe thoracic and axillary cutaneous ulceration of T2–3 dermatome distribution, gastroenteritis, ulcerative stomatitis, emaciation, hind limb weakness or paresis, and decubitus ulcers of the ankles and elbows.
	Physiologic Evaluation of Capture and Anesthesia with Medetomidine–Zolazepam–Tiletamine in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) -Capture-induced hyperthermia and lactic acidemia were documented in free-ranging bears -hypoxemia in captive and free-range	Physiologic Evaluation of Capture and Anesthesia with Medetomidine–Zolazepam–Tiletamine in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) -Capture-induced hyperthermia and lactic acidemia were documented in free-ranging bears -hypoxemia in captive and free-range JZWM 42(1)
	Serum Chemistry Comparisons Between Captive and Free-ranging Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) - K, bilirubin and ALT were different between captive and free-ranging giraffes, but all fell within normal bovid reference range -higher glucose than bovine and caprine in all -glucose: free range > captives -adults: higher K, TP, Glob, Cl, GGT -sub-adults: higher P -non-immobilized captives: higher TP and Glob	Serum Chemistry Comparisons Between Captive and Free-ranging Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) - K, bilirubin and ALT were different between captive and free-ranging giraffes, but all fell within normal bovid reference range -higher glucose than bovine and caprine in all -glucose: free range > captives -adults: higher K, TP, Glob, Cl, GGT -sub-adults: higher P -non-immobilized captives: higher TP and Glob JZWM 42(1)
	What is true about tooth root lesions in Malayan tapirs? a. they are proliferative in nature b. more prominent in wild tapirs c. they are resorptive and originate at the cementoenamel junction d. maxillary teeth more affected than mandibular e. incisors more severely affected	What is true about tooth root lesions in Malayan tapirs? c. they are resorptive and originate at the cementoenamel junction All of the lesions identified were of a resorptive, originating at the cementoenamel junction and burrowing towards the center of the tooth -captive > wild -2,3,4 pre molar and 1 molar -mandibular > maxillary -age and captivity are significant risk factors JZWM 42(1)
	Field Anesthesia of Wild Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) Using Tiletamine–Zolazepam, Medetomidine, and Butorphanol	Telazol administered via blow dart; then, 20 min after darting, they were supplemented via hand injection with either medetomidine or medetomidine–butorphanol -young needed more than one dart for induction more often than adults -telazol dose influenced protoocl more than med or med-but combination -recoveries, time to head up time to standing, were correlated to telazol dose and time of last telazol administration JZWM 42(1)
	Tolazoline-Induced Apnea in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) -apnea, muscle tensing, and fasciculations immediately following intravenous administration of tolazoline at 1.5–3 times the recommended dose. -not seen in black-tailed deer - intravenous tolazoline use in mule deer is recommended at ≤4 mg/kg	Tolazoline-Induced Apnea in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) -apnea, muscle tensing, and fasciculations immediately following intravenous administration of tolazoline at 1.5–3 times the recommended dose. -not seen in black-tailed deer - intravenous tolazoline use in mule deer is recommended at ≤4 mg/kg JZWM 42(1)
	Virtopsy in a Red Kangaroo with Oral Osteomyelitis	-postmortem CT was performed on a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and a diagnosis of oral osteomyelitis was made. JZWM 42(1)
	First Description of Onychomycosis Caused by Chrysosporium keratinophilum in Captive Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) -onychodystrophy, onychomadesis, and severe digital tumefaction -No improvement of advanced cases was observed, but no new case appeared for the next 6 mo after Tx	First Description of Onychomycosis Caused by Chrysosporium keratinophilum in Captive Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) -onychodystrophy, onychomadesis, and severe digital tumefaction -No improvement of advanced cases was observed, but no new case appeared for the next 6 mo after Tx JZWM 42(1)
	Cytologic evaluation of ferret preputial epithelial cells in ferrets with adrenocortical disease revealed ? a. correlation of preputial cells with increased serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and clinical signs of adrenal disease b. correlation of preputial cells with increased serum 17B-estradiol c. no correlation with any hormones or clinical signs d. correlation with clinical signs but no hormones e. correlation with serum androstenedione and clinical signs of adrenal disease	Cytologic evaluation of ferret preputial epithelial cells in ferrets with adrenocortical disease revealed ? a. correlation of preputial cells with increased serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and clinical signs of adrenal disease AJVR 2009 70:619
	Urinary calculi from guinea pigs are mostly composed of what? a. urate salts b. calcium phophate c. calcium oxalate d. calcium carbonate e. struvite	Urinary calculi from guinea pigs are mostly composed of what? d. calcium carbonate -100% JAVMA 2009 234:214
	What disease is suspected to have been transferred from an owner to their rabbit causing CNS signs? a. West Nile virus b. human herpes 1 c. Mycoplasma sp. d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis e. Syphilis	What disease is suspected to have been transferred from an owner to their rabbit causing CNS signs? b. human herpes 1 JAVMA 2009 235:66
	Which of the follwoing was not a feature of a ferret diagnosed with acquired myasthenia gravis? a. mild megaesophagus diagnosed via esophagogram b. flaccid tetraparesis identified on neurologic exam c. normal muscle function based on electrodiagnostic tests d. response to intravenous neostigmine e. anti-AChR antibodies in serum	Which of the follwoing was not a feature of a ferret diagnosed with acquired myasthenia gravis? c. normal muscle function based on electrodiagnostic tests All these were observed: a. mild megaesophagus diagnosed via esophagogram b. flaccid tetraparesis identified on neurologic exam d. response to intravenous neostigmine e. anti-AChR antibodies in serum JAVMA 2009 235:1462
	Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the head in healthy rabbits	The soft tissue structures that could be determined were not better identifiable on the soft tissue−window CT images than on the bone-window images. Am J Vet Res 2010;71:293–303
	Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration to rabbits	oral administration every 24 hours to rabbits during a 10-day period absorbed well and tolerated by rabbits 5 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours is recommended Am J Vet Res 2009;70:522–526)
	Cardiovascular effects of dipyrone and propofol on hemodynamic function in rabbits	Dipyrone used with propofol anesthesia in rabbits appeared not to significantly impair cardiovascular and hemodynamic function. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:1407–1415)
	Cardiovascular effects of fentanyl and propofol on hemodynamic function in rabbits	Fentanyl injections induced a short-term decrease of vessel diameter in the abdominal aorta and increased resistance in the distal distribution area of the left common carotid artery. Results revealed decreases in MAP, HR, and body temperature, with an increasing effect after the third bolus injection, which indicated a cumulative drug effect. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:409–417)
	Serum antibody titers following routine rabies vaccination in African elephants	All elephants had detectable antibody responses following rabies vaccination, although there was great variability among individual animals in regard to antibody titers, and antibody titers could be detected as long as 24 months after vaccine administration. Young animals were found to develop an antibody titer following administration of a single dose of the rabies vaccine. Age and time since vaccination had significant effects on measured antibody titers. vaccination could be performed less frequently than once a year if antibody titers were routinely monitored J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;235:978–981)

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