Zoller Final 2

Front 1

What is the only modality the facial nerve does not carry?

Back 1

Somatic motor

Front 2

What nucleus do the taste fibers synapse (ant. 2/3 tongue and palate)?

Back 2

Solitary nucleus

Front 3

What nucleus is involved with parasympathetic motor of CN VII (to glands and involuntary motor muscles in the head)?

Back 3

Sup. Salivatory

Front 4

What nucleus is involved with sympathetic motor?

Back 4

Sup. Cervical

Front 5

Are the lacrimal, submandibular, nasal and pharyngeal glands innervated (visceral motor) from the facial nerve?

Back 5

Yes

Front 6

What nucleus is involved in visceral sensory of CN VII (glands/vessels… mucous membranes of nasopharynx and palate)?

Back 6

Solitary nucleus

Front 7

What nuclei are involved in somatic sensory of CN VII (external ear, via post. auricular nerve)?

Back 7

"Pontine/principal and Spinal

Front 8

What nuclei are involved in branchial motor of CN VII?

Back 8

"Facial motor

Front 9

What muscles besides the muscles of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve (branchial motor)?

Back 9

"Stapedius,

Front 10

Where is the solitary nucleus?

Back 10

Medulla

Front 11

Where is the superior Salivatory nucleus?

Back 11

Pons

Front 12

Where is the facial motor nucleus?

Back 12

Pons

Front 13

When exiting the brainstem, does the facial nerve have sympathetic motor fibers?

Back 13

No

Front 14

Parasympathetic or sympathetic causes you to salivate?

Back 14

Parasympathetic

Front 15

What is the nervus intermedius?

Back 15

Sensory root of CN VII

Front 16

Pathway of CN VII

Back 16

pontomedullary junction  internal auditory meatus > facial canal  and then to either the stylomastoid foramen (branchial motor and somatic sensory), petro-tympanic fissure, unnamed passage to the Stapedius, or the groove for greater petrosal nerve (taste, parasympathetic motor and visceral sensory). From the Groove for greater Petrosal nerve  pterygoid canal (Vidian’s canal… adds sympathetic motor from deep petrosal)  pterygopalatine fossa.

Front 19

What modalities travel through the chorda tympani?

Back 19

Taste, visceral sensory and parasympathetic motor

Front 20

What spinal levels do preganglionic fibers originate to synapse in the superior cervical ganglion before going through deep petrosal nerve?

Back 20

T1, T2, and T3

Front 21

Taste fibers travel through the greater or lesser palatine nerves?

Back 21

Greater

Front 22

What is hyperacusis?

Back 22

Sensitivitity to sound (one symptome of Bell's palsy)

Front 23

Upper motor neurons going to nuclei in the brainstem are generally bilaterally or unilaterally or contralaterally or ipsilaterally innervated?

Back 23

Bilaterally

Front 24

What are the exceptions to this rule?

Back 24

Hypoglossal nucleus (only contralateral) and muscles of facial expression below the zygomatic arch. (cerebrum to brainstem is contralateral, brainstem to muscle is ipsilateral)

Front 25

If a person has a cerebral stroke on the left side, can they wrinkle forehead bilaterally?

Back 25

Yes

Front 26

Can the person smile on the right side?

Back 26

No

Front 30

In bell’s palsy, symptoms are all of the muscles of facial expression on the side of the damage. In a cerebral stroke, the damage is only from the zygomatic arch down, contralateral to the damage.

Front 31

The motion of the mandibular condyle sliding down the articular eminence is called…

Back 31

Translation

Front 32

What is the muscle that literally goes through the TMJ?

Back 32

Lateral Pterygoid m.

Front 33

What is the only other joint with a muscle going through it?

Back 33

Knee

Front 34

T/F: The TMJ ligament will resist protrusion of the condyle.

Back 34

TRUE

Front 35

Are the ligaments involved in active joint function?

Back 35

No

Front 36

What is the function of the ligaments of TMJ?

Back 36

Restraining to limit and restrict border movements

Front 37

Collateral ligament, capsular ligament, temporomandibular ligament, (and less importantly: sphenomandibular ligament, and stylomandibular ligament). "

Front 38

What ligament is responsible for the hinging movement of the TMJ?

Back 38

Collateral (discal) ligaments

Front 39

Where do the collateral ligaments attach?

Back 39

Lateral & Medial borders of the articular disc to the poles of the condyle

Front 40

What type of movement do the collateral discs allow?

Back 40

anterioposterior

Front 41

T/F: The collateral ligaments functions to restrict movement of the articular disc away from the condyle.

Back 41

TRUE

Front 42

What ligament functions to retain the synovial fluid?

Back 42

Capsular ligament

Front 43

Does the capsular ligament encompass the entire articular surface of the joint?

Back 43

Yes

Front 44

An outer oblique portion and inner horizontal portion make up which ligament?

Back 44

temporamandibular ligament

Front 45

What portion of the temporomandibular ligament limits the extent of mouth opening?

Back 45

Outer oblique portion

Front 46

NOTE: OOP extends from articular tubercle and zygomatic process to outer surface of condylar neck

Front 47

What portion of the temporomandibular ligament limits posterior movement of the condyle and disc?

Back 47

Inner horizontal portion

Front 48

NOTE: IHP extends from articular tubercle of zygomatic process to lateral pole of condyle and posterior part of articular disc.

Front 51

What is the primary sensory nerve for the TMJ?

Back 51

Auricotemporal nerve

Front 52

Note: fibers can hop onto masseteric and post. deep temporal nerve as well.

Front 53

What are the two main arteries supplying the TMJ?

Back 53

Maxillary and superficial temporal a.

Front 54

What makes articular cartilage different from hyaline cartilage?

Back 54

lacks perochondrium

Front 55

Is articular cartilage regenerative?

Back 55

no

Front 56

Does the lateral pterygoid attach to the articular disc?

Back 56

yes

Front 57

Does the meniscus move independent of the bone?

Back 57

yes

Front 58

What part of the TMJ cartilage is vascularized and can thus be regenerated?

Back 58

retrodiscal pad (bilaminal region)

Front 59

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Back 59

ginglymoarthrodial joint

Front 60

Is there cartilage lining the bone of the TMJ?

Back 60

No

Front 61

Find 2 places besides TMJ where articular cartilage does not line the bone in synovial joint.

Front 62

Articular disk is mostly type ___ collagen?

Back 62

type I, and some type III

Front 63

T/F: Glycosaminoglycans compose 5% of dry weight of articular disk.

Back 63

TRUE

Front 64

Most of the glycosaminoglycans are what?

Back 64

Chondroitin sulfate NOTE: 80% of glycosaminoglycans are chondroitin sulfate, and 15% are dermatan sulfate.

Front 65

The vast majority of disk is avascular, except for the ____ portion.

Back 65

Superior

Front 66

What portion of the articular disk contains elastic fibers?

Back 66

superior bilaminar zone

Front 67

Is the bilaminar zone elastic cartilage?

Back 67

NO! fibrous.

Front 68

What are the actions of the temporalis?

Back 68

Retrusion, Elevation, Lateral excursion

Front 69

What are the actions of the masseter?

Back 69

Retrusion, Lateral excursion, Protrusion

Front 70

Which part of the masseter handles retrusion?

Back 70

deep part

Front 71

Where does the lateral pterygoid originate?

Back 71

Lateral aspect of lateral ptergoid

Front 72

What muscle is on the anterior aspect of the pterygomandibular raphe?

Back 72

buccinator

Front 73

What muscle is posterior to the pterygomandibular raphe?

Back 73

superior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 74

What is the action of the upper head of lat. Pterygoid?

Back 74

stabilize during retrusion

Front 75

What is the action of the lower head of Lat. Pterygoid?

Back 75

protrusion, depression, medial excusion

Front 76

Where does the medial pterygoid originate?

Back 76

Medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid process

Front 77

Where does the medial pterygoid insert?

Back 77

angle of the mandible (gonial)

Front 78

What are the actions of the medial pterygoid?

Back 78

elevation, medial excusion and protrusion

Front 79

T/F: For the most part, the lingual nerve lies anterior and medial to the inferior alveolar nerve.

Back 79

TRUE

Front 80

What actions does the sphenomandibularis do?

Back 80

elevation, medial excusion and protrusion

Front 81

T/F: The supra and infrahyoids are the major depressors of the mandible, not the lateral pterygoid.

Back 81

TRUE

Front 82

What is the forms the following of the infratemporal fossa? … lateral wall?

Back 82

ramus

Front 83

What is the forms the following of the infratemporal fossa? … roof?

Back 83

greater wing of the sphenoid and temporal bone

Front 84

What is the forms the following of the infratemporal fossa? … Medial Wall?

Back 84

lateral pterygoid plate

Front 85

What is the forms the following of the infratemporal fossa? … Anterior wall?

Back 85

posterior surface of maxilla

Front 86

What is the forms the following of the infratemporal fossa? … Posterior border?

Back 86

stylomandibular ligament

Front 87

T/F: Most of the time, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves run on superficial surface of medial pterygoid.

Back 87

TRUE

Front 88

T/F: The maxillary artery, once into the infratemporal fossa, can be somewhat variable in it’s course.

Back 88

TRUE

Front 89

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Posterior?

Back 89

(sphenoid bone) Lat. Pterygoid process + greater wing

Front 90

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Anterior?

Back 90

Vertical plate of palatine bone

Front 91

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Medial?

Back 91

Vertical plate of palatine bone

Front 92

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Lateral?

Back 92

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 93

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Roof?

Back 93

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Front 94

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Floor?

Back 94

Pyramidal process of palatine bone

Front 95

What travels in the foramen rotundum?

Back 95

maxillary nerve

Front 96

What travels in the pterygoid canal?

Back 96

nerve of the pterygoid canal - a branch of CN VII, and pterygoid a.

Front 97

What travels in the sphenopalatine foramen?

Back 97

"Sphenopalatine artery and posterior superior nasal nerve

Front 98

What travels in the inferior orbital fissure?

Back 98

infraorbital nerve and vessels

Front 99

What travels in the infraorbital foramen?

Back 99

infraorbital nerve and vessels

Front 100

What travels in the greater & lesser palatine canals?

Back 100

greater and lesses palatine nevers and vessels

Front 101

What travels in the posterior superior alveolar foramen?

Back 101

"Posterior superior alveolar nerve & vessels

Front 102

What travels in the Pharyngeal or Palatovaginal canal?

Back 102

Pharyngeal nerve and artery

Front 103

A branch of the maxillary artery goes through each of these foramen except which one (in the pterygopalatine fossa)?

Back 103

Foramen Rotundum

Front 104

What nucleus is involved with visceral sensory and taste for CN IX?

Back 104

"Solitary nucleus (in medulla. via inferior ganglion of IX)

Front 105

What nucleus is involved with somatic sensory for CN IX?

Back 105

Trigeminal nucleus (passes through superior and inferior ganglion first… terminate in spinal nucleus of V)

Front 106

What nucleus is involved in parasympathetic motor from CN IX?

Back 106

"Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (for example, parasympathetic to parotid)

Front 107

Where is the inferior Salivatory nucleus in the brainstem?

Back 107

Medulla

Front 108

What nucleus is involved in the branchial motor for CN IX?

Back 108

Nucleus Ambiguous

Front 109

Where in the brainstem is the nucleus ambiguous?

Back 109

Medulla

Front 110

What muscle receives motor from CN IX?

Back 110

stylopharyngeus

Front 111

What gland receives parasympathetic from CN IX?

Back 111

parotid

Front 112

What CN provides somatic sensory to the posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate, pharyngeal mucosa, mucosa of tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube, skin of external ear and auditory canal and internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

Back 112

CN IX

Front 113

What cranial nerve provides visceral sensory to the chemoreceptors in the carotid body and pressure receptors in the carotid sinus?

Back 113

CN IX

Front 114

What cranial nerve provides taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Back 114

CN IX

Front 115

What cranial nerve provides visceral sensory to the chemoreceptors in the carotid body and pressure receptors in the carotid sinus?

Back 115

CN IX

Front 116

What nerve of CN IX provides sensory from the eardrum, round windows, mastoid air cells, and auditory tube, as well as provide parasympathetic motor to the parotid gland (via lesser petrosal nerve)?

Back 116

Tympanic nerve

Front 117

The lesser petrosal nerve is a continuation of which branch of CN IX?

Back 117

Tympanic nerve

Front 118

Which cranial nerve has a tympanic nerve, nerve to carotid sinus, nerve to Stylopharyngeus, and pharyngeal and lingual branches?

Back 118

CN IX

Front 119

What CN is responsible for the afferent signal of the gag reflex?

Back 119

CN IX

Front 120

What CN is responsible for the efferent signal of the gag reflex?

Back 120

CN X

Front 121

What nucleus is associated with visceral sensory and taste from CN X?

Back 121

"Solitary nucleus via nodose ganglion (taste buds on the epiglottis)

Front 122

What nucleus is associated with somatic sensory from CN X?

Back 122

"Trigeminal nucleus (spinal nucleus of V from the superior/jugular ganglion)

Front 123

NOTE: Both CN IX and X have inferior and superior ganglions (dorsal of oral cavity). The Vagus nerve has the jugular (superior) and the nodose (inferior) ganglions.

Front 124

What nucleus is associated with the parasympathetic motor of CN X?

Back 124

Dorsal motor nucleus of X

Front 125

What nucleus is associated with branchial motor of CN X?

Back 125

Dorsal motor nucleus of X

Front 126

What ganglion in the head is associated with CN X?

Back 126

NONE

Front 127

Where in the brainstem is the dorsal motor nucleus of X?

Back 127

Medulla

Front 128

What CN handles somatic afferent signals from the dura of the posterior cranial fossa, small area of skin behind the ear, and the mucosa of the external auditory canal?

Back 128

CN X

Front 129

T/F: According to the boards, it is assumed that the branchial motor fibers start and run on CN X exclusively, no XI via X.

Back 129

TRUE

Front 130

The pharyngeal branch of (XI via X) provides branchial motor to the pharyngeal constrictors, and all of the muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT for ___?

Back 130

Tensor veli palatini

Front 131

What cranial nerve supplies the tensor veli palatini?

Back 131

CN V3

Front 132

The internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve) of CN X provides what modality?

Back 132

Visceral sensory

Front 133

The external laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve) provides branchial motor (XI via X) to what muscles?

Back 133

Cricothyroid and Inferior constrictor

Front 134

The inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X provides motor to all muscles of larynx EXCEPT for what?

Back 134

Cricothyroid

Front 135

What CN provides visceral sensory for the mucosa of the lower pharynx near the junction with the esophagus, the laryngeal mucosa above (superior laryngeal nerve) and below (inferior laryngeal branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve) the glottic aperature, the pressure receptors in the arch of the aorta, the chemoreceptors in the para-aortic body and the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Back 135

CN X

Front 136

What CN is the primary sensory nerve for the carotid sinus and body (chemo and baroreceptors)?

Back 136

CN IX (but still some CN X, too)

Front 137

T/F: The pharyngeal plexus is a place where XI via X happens.

Back 137

TRUE

Front 138

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve goes right under the ligamentum arteriosum and wraps around the ____ of the _____.

Back 138

Arch of the Aorta

Front 139

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the _______ artery.

Back 139

Subclavian

Front 140

The internal laryngeal nerve goes right through what ligament?

Back 140

thyrohyoid ligament

Front 141

What is the landmark for where the external laryngeal nerve stops extending downward and where the recurrent laryngeal nerve stops extending upward?

Back 141

top of the tyroid gland

Front 142

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: Meningeal branch

Back 142

Sensory

Front 143

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: Auricular branch

Back 143

Sensory

Front 144

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: Pharyngeal branch

Back 144

Motor

Front 145

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: External laryngeal nerve (off of superior laryngeal)

Back 145

Motor

Front 146

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: Internal laryngeal nerve (off of superior laryngeal)

Back 146

Sensory

Front 147

For each of the following branches of CN X, tell whether they carry sensory, motor, or both: Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 147

Sensory & Motor

Front 148

What nucleus is involved with branchial motor for CN XI?

Back 148

Nucleus Ambigous

Front 149

What nucleus is involved with somatic motor of CN XII?

Back 149

Hypoglossal Nucleus

Front 150

T/F: As the hypoglossal nerve comes out of the hypoglossal canal, it runs on anterior surface of carotid arteries and then deep to the Stylohyoid and posterior digastric.

Back 150

TRUE

Front 151

If a person has a cerebral stroke on the left side, affecting the corticobulbar fibers from the precentral gyrus to the hypoglossal nucleus, which side will the tongue deviate?

Back 151

Right

Front 152

If a person has a paralyzed right genioglossus muscle, which way will the tongue deviate?

Back 152

Right NOTE: tongue will deviate to the side where the muscle is paralyzed. Biggest tongue muscle is the genioglossus (stick out your tongue).

Front 153

T/F: The hypoglossal nerve will run between two muscles on it’s way to the tongue… superficial to the hyoglossus and deep to the mylohyoid.

Back 153

TRUE

Front 154

Place the following muscles in order that they appear, inferior to superior: mylohyoid, genioglossus, and geniohyoid.

Back 154

Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, and Genioglossus

Front 155

Name from medial to lateral, the order you find the following nerves in the neck… sympathetic chain, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, accessory, and vagus:

Back 155

Sympathetic chain, Vagus nerve, Glossopharyngeal, Hypoglossal, and then Accessory.

Front 156

What muscle “lifts up” the esophagus in order to allow the bolus of food to move downward?

Back 156

Stylopharyngeus NOTE: also help to elevate pharynx: palatopharyngeus (CN X) and salpingopharyngeus (CN X) on boards

Front 157

The temporal branch of the facial nerve parallels what structures?

Back 157

Superficial temporal artery and vein

Front 158

The Buccal branch of the facial nerve parallels what structures?

Back 158

Parotid duct and transverse facial artery

Front 159

T/F: The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve and the facial artery are perpendicular to each other.

Back 159

TRUE

Front 160

T/F: The mandibular nerve (V3) is normally deep to the lateral pterygoids.

Back 160

TRUE

Front 161

T/F: The inferior alveolar and lingual nerve run superficial to the medial pterygoid, but deep to the lateral pterygoids (usually).

Back 161

TRUE

Front 162

What plexus lies in the infratemporal fossa and is superficial to all of the pterygoids?

Back 162

pterygoid plexus

Front 163

Of the submandibular duct, lingual artery/vein, and hypoglossal nerve, what order will you encounter them when cutting into the floor of the mouth (from the inside)?

Back 163

submadibular duct, lingual atery/vein, and then hypoglossal nerve

Front 164

The bowman’s glands in the olfactory mucosa secrete serous or mucous fluid?

Back 164

Serous

Front 165

What are the 3 main cell types in olfactory mucosa?

Back 165

"Receptor (ciliated), sustentacular cells

Front 166

T/F: The sella turcica lies superior and posterior to the sphenoid sinus.

Back 166

TRUE

Front 167

What recess lies just above and posterior to the superior meatus?

Back 167

sphenothmoidal recess

Front 168

What doest the Sphenoethmoidal recess drain?

Back 168

sphenoid and ethmoid sinsus

Front 169

What important opening lies just posterior to the inferior nasal concha?

Back 169

auditory tube

Front 170

What sinus is lateral to the middle meatus?

Back 170

maxillary sinus

Front 171

Which nasal concha are part of the ethmoid bone?

Back 171

superior and middle concha

Front 172

Where is the maxillary hiatus in relation to the middle nasal concha?

Back 172

below

Front 173

What is another name for the maxillary hiatus?

Back 173

haitus semilunaris

Front 174

The maxillary orifice, opening via the hiatus semilunaris of a joint tube caries drainage from what three sinuses?

Back 174

Frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary

Front 175

Where does the nasolacrimal duct empty?

Back 175

The inferior meatus

Front 176

Does the sinus have pseudostratified columnar epithelium AND goblet cells?

Back 176

yes

Front 177

What is the difference between respiratory epithelium and the sinuses?

Back 177

sinsus are very thing, or non existant submucosa and well as a very thing lamina propria that fuses with the periosteum

Front 178

Are the frontal sinuses usually symmetric?

Back 178

No

Front 179

Which sinus is like a bunch of grapes, separated by a thin wall that can be broken by an infection?

Back 179

ethmoid sinus

Front 180

What is the lamina paperasia?

Back 180

the thin ethmoid bone between the orbit and nasal cavity

Front 181

What is the canthus?

Back 181

lateral angel fo the eye

Front 182

T/F: The Lacrimal gland secretes fluid with lysozyme and provides oxygen.

Back 182

TRUE

Front 183

What is the flow of lacrimal fluid?

Back 183

flow of lacrimal fluid… Lacrimal gland --> Lacrimal ducts --> Conjunctival sac --> Eyeball --> Lacrimal canaliculi/canals --> Nasolacrimal duct --> inferior nasal meatus

Front 184

Aqueous fluid (anterior to aqueous humor) drains into what canal?

Back 184

Canal of Schlemm

Front 185

What vascular layer in the eyeball attaches firmly to the retina and is responsible for the “red eye?”

Back 185

Choroid

Front 186

What vascular layer component provides attachment for the lens and produces aqueous humor?

Back 186

Ciliary Body

Front 187

The iris is part of the vascular or fibrous layer of the eye?

Back 187

Vascular

Front 188

What is the spot in the eye of greatest visual acuity?

Back 188

Fovea centralis of the macula lutea

Front 189

What anatomic structure is responsible for the blind spot?

Back 189

Optic disc (Note: no photo receptors here)

Front 190

What is the anterior termination of the optic portion of the retina called?

Back 190

Ora Serrata

Front 191

What are the 10 layers of the retina (starting most anterior)?

Back 191

Pigmented epithelium, layer of rods and cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, optic nerve fiber layer, and inner limiting membrane.

Front 192

Which layer has a role in Vitamin A metabolism and contains melanin?

Back 192

Pigmented epithelium

Front 193

Are there more rods or cones?

Back 193

Rods (about 100 million rods vs. 6 million cones)

Front 194

Rods or cones are specialized for dim light?

Back 194

Rods (Cones are specialzed for bright light and color)

Front 195

Where is there a concentration of cones?

Back 195

Fovea centralis

Front 196

What layer is not a membrane, but has a region of zonulae adherents between Muller cells (make the matrix)?

Back 196

Outer limiting membrane

Front 197

What layer has the nuclei of rods and cones in it?

Back 197

Outer nuclear layer

Front 198

What nuclei, the rods or cones, are smaller and more rounded?

Back 198

Rods

Front 199

What layer synapses between photoreceptor cells, horizontal and bipolar cells?

Back 199

Outer plexiform layer

Front 200

What layer has the nuclei of the bipolar cells in it?

Back 200

Inner Nuclear Layer NOTE: bipolar neurons used to control signals to the receptor cells, may interact with as many as 100 rods each, or many fewer cones. The horizontal and bipolar cells modulate.

Front 201

What are Amacrine cells?

Back 201

Feedback cells in the inner nuclear layer of the retina

Front 202

In which layer are the processes of the amacrine, bipolar and ganglion cells found?

Back 202

Inner Plexiform Layer

Front 203

The superior oblique elevates or depresses the eyeball?

Back 203

Depress! (thus inferor oblique elevates)

Front 204

Where is the pulley (trochlea) for the superior oblique muscle?

Back 204

Superio-medial aspect of the eye

Front 205

Which is more superior, the superior rectus muscle, or the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 205

Lavator Palpebrae Superoris

Front 206

Abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates what ocular muscle?

Back 206

Lateral Rectus

Front 207

What Cranial Nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

Back 207

CN IV (trochlear)

Front 208

What Cranial Nerve innervates all of the ocular muscles other than the lateral rectus and the superior oblique?

Back 208

CN III (occulomotor)

Front 209

How many cranial nerves are involved in abduction?

Back 209

3 - (Lateral rectus, CN VI; Superior Oblique, CN IV; Inferior Oblique, CN III)

Front 210

How many cranial nerves are involved in adduction?

Back 210

1 - (Medial, superior and inferior rectuses; CN III)

Front 211

How many cranial nerves are involved with depressing the eyeball?

Back 211

2 - (Superior Oblique, CN IV; Inferior Rectus, CN III)

Front 212

How many cranial nerves are involved in elevating the eyeball?

Back 212

1 - Superior and inferior oblique

Front 213

What area of the brain is involved when searching for an object with your eyes, and participates in fast saccadic movements?

Back 213

Motor Eye Fieds - Frontal Lobe

Front 214

What parts of the brain are involved in “tracking” an ongoing motion?

Back 214

Occipital Cortex and Superior Colliculus

Front 215

What part of the brain is involved in vergence of the eyes?

Back 215

Occipital Cortex

Front 216

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes refers to what?

Back 216

Co-ordination of Neck Masculature with Movements of the Eye

Front 217

What anatomical structure of the ear would you most-likely place your fingers to palpate the TMJ?

Back 217

Tragus

Front 218

What are the two muscles that attach to the auditory tube?

Back 218

Levator Veli Palatini & Tensor Veli Palatini

Front 219

What is the primary and secondary action of the Levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini?

Back 219

Rasie the soft palate & equalize pressure in auditory tube

Front 220

T/F: The chorda tympani runs on the surface of the malleus.

Back 220

TRUE

Front 221

Note: very few areas in body where it is normal for cartilage to move (knee, TMJ and larynx)

Front 222

What tube is between the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity, equalizes the pressure in the middle ear, and is a conduit for infections to the middle ear?

Back 222

Pharygeotympanic Tube

Front 223

What is the recess that lies in the laryngopharynx where food get caught?

Back 223

Piriform Recess

Front 224

What are the two layers of muscle in the pharynx?

Back 224

Inner Longitudinal & Outer Circular

Front 225

What 2 muscles are in the inner longitudinal layer of the muscle of the pharynx?

Back 225

Stylopharyngeous & Palatopharygenous

Front 226

What muscles elevate the pharynx?

Back 226

Stylopharyngeus (CN IX), palatopharyngeus (CN X) (and salpingopharyngeus (CN X) on boards)

Front 227

T/F: The inferior and horizontal fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor are continuous with those of the esophagus.

Back 227

TRUE

Front 228

Between the skull and superior constrictor is Gap 1. What runs through this gap?

Back 228

Audtory tube, Levator Veli Palatini and Ascending Palatine branch of the facial artery

Front 229

Between the supeior and middle contritor is Gap 2, what runs through this gap?

Back 229

Stylopharyngeous and glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 230

Between the middle and inferior constrictors is Gap 3. What structures are in it?

Back 230

Inner Laryngeal branch of X, & Superior Laryngeal branch of the Superior Thyroid Artery

Front 231

Between the inferior constrictor and the esophagus is Gap 4. What structures can be found in this gap?

Back 231

Reccurrent laryngeal nerve, & Inferior laryneal branch of the Inferior Thyroid a.

Front 232

What provides sensory innervation to the palate and pharyngeal roof?

Back 232

V2

Front 233

What provides sensory to the pharyngeal area outside of the roof?

Back 233

CN IX

Front 234

What provides innervation to the area of the laryngeal inlet?

Back 234

XI via X

Front 235

What is located between the mandible and the trachea, known as “Adams Apple?”

Back 235

Larynx

Front 236

What bone does the larynx hang off of?

Back 236

Hyoid

Front 237

T/F: The common carotid splits into the internal and external carotid just at the superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.

Back 237

TRUE

Front 238

What is the only cartilage in the shape of a donut?

Back 238

Crichoid Cartilage

Front 239

Which is more superior, true or false vocal cords?

Back 239

False Vocal Cords

Front 240

What is the space between the vocal ligaments called?

Back 240

Rima Glottidis

Front 241

Would you abduct or adduct the arytenoids to lower the voice?

Back 241

Abduct

Front 242

Would you abduct or adduct the arytenoids to raise the voice pitch?

Back 242

Adduct

Front 243

The vocal ligament is stretched between which 2 cartilages?

Back 243

Arytenoid and Thyroid Cartilages

Front 244

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by what nerve?

Back 244

Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent branch of the vagus nerve. (note: Cricothyroid is an exception… it is innervated by the external laryngeal branch)

Front 245

All laryngeal sensation down to the level of the rima glottidis (vocal fold) is provided by what nerve?

Back 245

Internal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Branch of X

Front 246

All sensation below the rima glottidis is carried by what nerve?

Back 246

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Front 247

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle would adduct or abduct the arytenoid cartilages?

Back 247

Abduct (lowers the voice)

Front 248

The lateral cricoarytenoid would adduct or abduct the arytenoids?

Back 248

Adduct (raise the voice)

Front 249

The transverse arytenoid adducts or abducts the arytenoids?

Back 249

Adducts (raise the pitch)

Front 250

The vocalis muscle does what?

Back 250

Pulls the hyoid and arytenoids close together (lossening the vocal cords)

Front 251

What nerve may be damaged if you lose your gag reflex, you have dysphagia and your palate and uvula deviate toward normal side?

Back 251

CN IX

Front 252

T/F: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia may be triggered by chewing or swallowing.

Back 252

TRUE

Front 253

What nerve may be damaged if you have a flaccid soft palate, unilateral paralysis of pharyngeal constrictors, and a twang in the voice?

Back 253

CN X

Front 254

What nerve may be damaged if you have an ipsilateral vocal cord fixed and adducted, dysphonia (hoarse voice), and various sensory deficits?

Back 254

CN XI

Front 255

Where can you cut in the throat for emergency breathing?

Back 255

3rd tracheal ring(ish): Tracheotomy, or in the Crichothyroid membrane: cricothyrotomy

Front 256

Note: I think the cricothyrotomy (laryngotomy) is the procedure of choice.