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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metallothionine |
protein that binds and temporarily stores Zn in intestinal calls |
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what is absorption of Zn based on |
absorption reduced when large amounts of nonheme iron are in GI tract |
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albumin |
zinc is carried through the bloodstream on this and then transported to the liver |
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is zinc stored in the body |
no, excess excreted via feces (small amounts in urine and sweat) |
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functions of Zn |
metalloenzymes require this; DNA and RNA synthesis, taste acuity; immune function; helps prevent macular degeneration; cell membrane proteins; vit A and D receptors; in pancreatic digestive juices--> zinc recycling |
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Zn deficiency |
over deficiency common when poverty limits food choices; north america: mild or marginal deficiencies; hair loss, loss of appetite, delayed growth and sexual maturation, dermatitis, immune dysfunction, birth defects, infant mortality |
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what is the UL for Zn |
40mg/day |
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toxicity of Zn |
loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, intestinal cramps, diarrhea, impaired immune function, reduction of copper absorption |
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what do we find zinc in |
red meat and seafood (70% from animal-based foods); nuts, beans, wheat germ, whole grains also have some; phytic acid in wheat |
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what is the UL of copper |
10mg/day |
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Copper toxicity |
GI symptoms, risk of liver damage, accumulation of Cu in liver and brain, cirrhosis and neurological damage |
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what is the typical intake if copper |
1000-1600mg/day; meets guidelines |
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what do we find copper in |
70% from animal based foods, liver, shellfish, nuts, seeds, lentils, soy, dark chocolate, dried fruits, whole-grains, tap water, meat low in copper but may promote copper absorption from other foods |
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where is copper absorbed |
SI; carried by the protein albumin to liver and kidneys |
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copper in the liver |
attached to protein ceruloplasmin-->ceruplasmin brings Cu to cells |
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how much copper is stored in the body |
not much; excess excreted through bile-->feces |
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functions of copper |
component of several metalloenzymes; iron oxidation in enterocytes--> low copper results in iron deficiency anemia; superoxide dismutatse enzymes--> eliminates superoxide free radicals, protects cells from damage; connective tissue formation |
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copper deficiency |
rare; anemia; low WBC; osteopenia; loss of skin and hair pigmentations (melanin), cardiovascular changes; impaired immune function |
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copper toxicity |
wilson's disease (genetic disorder, excess copper storage) |
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what is the UL of manganese |
11mg/day |
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toxicity of Mn |
usually due to environmental pollutants rather than food intake
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what happens when you go over the UL |
neurological impairment; parkinson's like symptoms |
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what is the typical intake of Mn |
2-6mg;;meets guidelines |
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what foods do we find Mn in |
plant foods; whole grain cereals, nuts, legumes, leafy greens, tea; very little in meat and dairy |
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what is the absorption efficiency of Mn |
5-10% |
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functions of Mn |
cofactor for many metalloenzymes; carb metabolism; gluconeogenesis, collagen formation, antioxidant defense system; shares functional similarities with zinc an copper |
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deficiency of Mn |
very rare, only a few cases ever reported; nausea, vomiting, poor growth, skeletal abnormalities, impaired carb and lipid metabolism, abnormal reproductive function |
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Mn toxicity |
neurological impairement, Parkinsons-like symptoms |
