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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What does the ectoderm form?
Nerves and skin
What does the anterior pituitary come from?
surface ectoderm ***
what does the adrenal cortex come from?
lateral plate ***
what does the lens of the eye come from?
surface ectoderm ***
What does the endoderm form?
"tubular structures". organs, gut, respiratory tract
Lamina failed to fuse. "Fawn's beard associated with this"
spina bifida occulta
What vitamin will prevent SBO?
B9/folic acid
_____ is when the meninges protrude out
meningocele
_____ is when the spinal cord protrudes out
myelocele
_____ is when both the spinal cord and meninges protrude out
meningomyelocele
_____ is when the cerebellar peduncles come below foramen magnum
Arnold Chiari syndrome type I
failure of maxillary and palatine bones to fuse
cleft palate
(epimere or hypomere) dorsal, posterior mm, extensors?
epimere ***
(epimere or hypomere) ventral, anterior mm, flexors?
hypomere ***
what is considered the midgut? (from what to what)
last 2/3rd of duodenum to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon
What does the gubernaculum become in females?
suspensory ligament of ovary, ovarian lig, and round lig (in inguinal canal)
Where is Wenicke's area?
junction of parietal, occipital, temporal. (POT)
In neurons, what creates the (-) charge inside the cell? outside?
large protein molecules; sodium
What do receptors do?
allow Na+ to leak into the cell
Pacinian receptors are for _____
vibration
Ruffini receptors are for _____
joint position sense
free naked nerve endings are for _____
pain and temp
meissner's/merkel receptors are for _____
touch
What is the subnormal period AKA?
hyperpolarized; relative refractory period
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spine? Of the brain?
spine = glycine; brain = GABA
What part of the brain deals with vasomotor, cardiac centers, autonomics, CN 5-12?
medulla and pons
What part of the brain has reflexes to light and sound, proximal flexor relay, motoric relay and CN 3 & 4?
midbrain
What part of the thalamus is sensory from the face?
VPM
What part of the thalamus is sensory from arms and legs?
VPL
What part of the thalamus is sensory from the eyes?
lateral geniculate
what part of the thalamus is for sensory from the ears?
medial geniculate
What can destroy Wernicke's area?
B1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism ***
What part of the brain deals with smell?
parahippocampal cells in uncal area of temporal lobe. (UNCUS IS THE SKUNKUS)
What happens with damage of the hippocampus?
anterograde amnesia (Alzheimers)
Where are the "Giant Cells of Betz" found?
fronal lobe
What is the main cause of motor aphasia?
from middle cerebral artery stroke ***
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
to inhibit the thalamus (stop motor response)
When the basal ganglia is dysfunctional and trivial information elicits a motor response, it's called _____
Parkinson's disease
What is the AKA for Parkinson's disease?
paralysis agitans
What are the inclusion bodies found with Parkinson's?
Lewy bodies
If there is a genetic defect in caudate, it's called _____. What chromosome is associated with this?
Huntington's Chorea; chromsome 4
Putamen + caudate = _____
striatum
Lentiform = _____+_____
globus pallidus + putamen
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sex, rage, fear
What cells form the blood brain barrier?
astrocytes
What are the macrophages of the nervous system?
microglia
What cells line the ventricles? What is their function?
ependymal cells; CSF production ***
Where is CSF resorbed?
in arachnoid granulations of superior saggital sinus ***
What cells produce myelin in CNS? in PNS?
oligodendrocytes; schwann cells
What is demyelinization of the CNS called? The PNS?
CNS = multiple sclerosis. PNS = Guillian-Barre
What is the function of Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses?
allows peristalsis. Meissner's = mucosal, Auerbach's = muscular
No peristalsis will lead to a congenital megacolon. This is AKA _____
Hirschprung's disease
what cells are responsible for inhibiting the alpha motor neuron by way of negative feedback?
Renshaw cells
_____ waves are quiet, meditative and disappear in sleep
alpha
_____ waves are for intense mental activity and for REM sleep
beta
_____ waves are for deep sleep or coma
Delta
_____ waves are normal in children, and abnormal in adults (stress, suicidal)
theta
_____ fibers connect up and down both directions
projection ***
_____ fibers connect L to R brain
commissural ***
_____ fibers connect the same hemisphere from frontal to tempral
association ***
Chemoreceptors are most sensitive to _____, and secondarily sensitive to _____.
increase in PCO2; decrease in O2
What is Wallenberg syndrome?
damage to PICA
What is the 1st branch of the internal carotid?
opthalmic artery
External carotid ---> _____ ---> _____
external to maxillary to middle meningeal ***
What does the Great cerebral vein of galen drain into?
straight sinus. (GREAT IS STRAIGHT)
Where is the straight sinus located?
tentorium cerebelli
Where does the superior cerebral vein drain into?
superior sagittal sinus (SUPERIOR IS SUPERIOR)
Where is the superio sagittal sinus found?
falx cerebri
What is hydrocephalus?
when there is a blockage of CSF. "Water on the brain"
What is the anterior attachment of the falx cerebri?
crista gali of ethmoid ***
What is the posterior attachment of the falx cerebri?
tentorium cerebelli ***
What is the AKA for confluence of sinuses?
Torcular Herophilis ***
Damage to middle meningeal a. is _____ hemorrhage
epidural
damage to venous system is _____ hemorrhage
subdural
Rupture of a Beri aneurysm = _____ hemorrhage
subarachnoid