Zaman 9-24-07

Front 1

Both V and Q are greater in ____ regions of the lung

Back 1

lower

Front 2

the V/Q ratio is higher in ____ lung

Back 2

upper

Front 3

The
___ lung is more subject to collapse (atelectasis).

Back 3

lower

Front 4

Why is there constant stress on the upper lung?

Back 4

it never fully deflates

Front 5

Compare the V/Q ratios in upper and lower lung

Back 5

V/Q is higher in upper lung

Front 6

pleural scarring secondary to TB is most
commonly seen in the ___ lobe.

Back 6

upper

Front 7

Emphysema secondary to environmental exposure is most common in the
____ lobe.

Back 7

upper

Front 8

Surgeons are well aware that the dependent lung is more efficient and have
advocated turning patients so the less diseased lung faces which direction?

Back 8

downward

Front 9

Why more
aspiration to the right lower lobe?

Back 9

The right main stem bronchus is more vertical than the left.

Front 10

There is a dual blood supply to the lung. What arteries?

Back 10

(pulmonary and bronchial
arteries).

Front 11

Only 10% of pulmonary emboli result in infarcts. These tend to be in the
periphery, involve the ____, and are hemorrhagic.

Back 11

pleura

Front 12

The respiratory system is divided 3 zones:

Back 12

1. Conducting zone -Zone of air conduction, the site of dead volume.
2. Transition zone -Zone of both air conduction and gas exchange
3. Respiratory zone -Zone of gas exchange.

Front 13

The lung's lobules are demarcated by what?

Back 13

fibrous
septae.

Front 14

where are the terminal bronchioles?

Back 14

lobules

Front 15

4 types of atelectasis

Back 15

Resorption: blockage(plug) of bronchial system,
with resultant isolation of lung segments
and subsequent resorption of air and collapse.
Compression: Passive collapse secondary
to accumulated fluid in another area
Contraction: Cicatrization-fibrotic change
hampering expansion and increasing recoil.
Microatelectasis: Nonobstructive, due
to complex events, like loss of surfactant

Front 16

2 important types of cells in the Conducting Zone

Back 16

Secretory cells

Ciliated cells

Front 17

2 important types of cells in the respiratory zone

Back 17

Alveolar epithelium

Inflammatory cells

Front 18

Type I and Type II of alveolar epithelium are called what?

Back 18

Squamous pneumocyte

Granular pneumocvte

Front 19

-the surfactant
secreting alveolar epithelial cell.

Back 19

Granular pneumocvte or Tvpe II

Front 20

Because of extensive surface, Squamous pneumocytes are very susceptible to inhaled
agents.
What is the predominant cell type lining alveoli following injury ?

Back 20

Granular pneumocvte or Tvpe II

Front 21

-The principal inflammatory cell type is the
_______ found in high numbers in the
alveolar space.

Back 21

pulmonary macrophage

Front 22

Tracheobronchial Clearance (Sedimentation) -removes medium-sized particles
(_____ um). The particles settle because of their weight.

Back 22

0.2-5

Front 23

•Many aerosol drugs are deposited by _____

Back 23

sedimentation

Front 24

Nasal Clearance (Impaction) -removes most large particles (____ um).These
travel in a straight line and impact on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

Back 24

5-15

Front 25

•Diffusion (Brownian movement) -is random movement by small particles
(_____um).

Back 25

0.1

Front 26

the dominant alveolar cell type is the _____

Back 26

pulmonary
macrophag

Front 27

Humoral immunity of the lung -Local immunity ______.

Back 27

IgA

Front 28

Inactivation of alpha-1-antitrypsin by oxidants (cigarette smoke
gaseous pollutants) does what in regards to elasticity?

Back 28

decreases elasticity

Front 29

In the family of fibrous hydrated silicates which include chrysotile, amosite and
crocidolite, which is most carcinogenic?

Back 29

crocidolite

Front 30

What type of exposure to asbestos (drinking water) does not appear to
be a health hazard?

Back 30

Oral

Front 31

PROGRESSIVE ASBESTOSIS:

Pleural Effusion --> Pulmonary fibrosis AND Pulmonary plaques -->

Back 31

Pleural calcification

Front 32

Asbestos associated pulmonary fibrosis= ______

Back 32

Asbestosis

Front 33

What exercise equipment does microscopic asbestos resemble?

Back 33

Dumbells

Front 34

Most prevalent chronic OLD in the world. The population at risk are stone workers,
sandblasters, etc.

Back 34

Silica Exposure

Front 35

Much of the lung damage in the hard coal miners of VA, WV, etc. is probably due to the
________contained in the coal and not the carbon.

Back 35

silica (silicon dioxide)

Front 36

The lesion of _____ is that of extensive pulmonary fibrosis and formation of fibrous
nodules containing abundant collagen and silica.

Back 36

silicosis

Front 37

What disease?

acute respiratory reaction when exposed to cotton dust.
AKA

Back 37

Cotton dust respiratory
Disease (Byssinosis)

AKA

Front 38

What disease did Dr. Zaman's father die from?

Back 38

Byssinosis in the setting of pulmonary edema caused by over treatment with morphine

Front 39

Byssinosis may be induced by endotoxins coming from the
cell walls of gram-______ bacteria growing on cotten plants.

Back 39

negative

Front 40

Concern over the health effects of small airborne particles is the result of
studies that showed excess mortality in urban areas was directly proportional
to the amount of _____in the air.

Back 40

small particles

Front 41

controversy over small particle/microparticles involves what factors?

Back 41

i. There is no clear scientifically acceptable explanation for how small
particles increase mortality rates.
ii. Most environmental measurements have been on particles 10-20 microns
whereas the medically significant particles are smaller than 2.5 microns.
iii. Particles themselves may have no effects. What may be important is the
composition of the particles - e.g. acid content or heavy metal poisons.

Front 42

Farmer’s lung is caused by what?

Back 42

Actinomyces

Front 43

Farmer's lung is mediated by what immunological entities

Back 43

IgG complexes and T lymphocytes

Front 44

Bagassosis is caused by what?

Back 44

Actinomyces, sugar cane, hemp

Front 45

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is the manifestation of what disease?

Back 45

Baganossis

Front 46

What is silofiller's lung mechanism?

Back 46

NO2 heavier than O2

forms nitric acid Toxic gas, NO2 inhalation