Zaman 10-19-07 Toxicology

Front 1

‘gold standard’ for detection and quantitation of drugs in
body fluids.

Back 1

gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy
(GC-MS), which involves separation of derivatized
compounds in the gas phase and detection from their
mass-to-charge ratios and fragmentation patterns,

Front 2

most drugs can be assayed for using
_______ immunological techniques.

Back 2

homogeneous

Front 3

toxicology has become divided into four areas.

Back 3

1) the detection of drugs of abuse and
2) the determination of the levels of therapeutic drugs being administered to
patients.
3) environmental poisons
4) molecular level carcinogens

Front 4

benzpyrene and
acetylaminofluorene cause mutations in critical sequences of human
DNA, leading to the frank development of ______.

Back 4

cancer

Front 5

_______ is a derivative of the alkaloid ecgonine (i.e.,
the methyl ester of benzoylecgonine

Back 5

•Cocaine

Front 6

-Cocaine is used medically to induce local anesthesia

-during ______surgery.

Back 6

nasopharyngeal

Front 7

Interestingly, many new users of this drug find themselves in a hyperexcitable
state with palpitations and use large quantities of _____ to calm themselves.

Back 7

Valium

Front 8

As noted in the previous
section, antidepressants, including the _______, have
been found to inhibit the actions of cocaine.

Back 8

tricyclics and fluoxetine (Prozac)

Front 9

Besides being used as a major analgesic, morphine has
become important in treating ________
by lowering venous return to the heart.

Back 9

acute congestive heart failure

Front 10

It appears that the dependence is strongly linked to the
number of surface cell ___-receptors

Back 10

mu

Front 11

One of the
most common therapeutic modalities for heroin overdose
is treatment intravenously with ______

Back 11

naloxone (Narcan)

Front 12

Heroin addiction is treated
pharmacologically with a partial agonist of heroin,
_____.

Back 12

methadone

Front 13

Methadone binds competitively with morphine to _____-receptors in the
brain

Back 13

mu

Front 14

it appears that a
trough serum methadone level greater than ____ ng/mL is
adequate for effective methadone maintenance

Back 14

100

Front 15

•Acute Toxicity of amphetamines

Back 15

Cardiovascular, delirium,confusion,
delusions, disorientation, and hallucinations.
•Acute psychotic syndromes
hyperpyrexia;

Front 16

Amphetamine detection

Back 16

Toxi-lab and EMIT

Front 17

Occasionally, on the Toxi-lab A strip, amphetamines may be
confused with _____

Back 17

antihistamines like diphenhydramine.

Front 18

benzodiazepines are used to potentiate the effects of heroin

What's the common name?

Back 18

Valium

Front 19

Treatment of PCP pt

Back 19

Haldol

Front 20

phenobarbital is a therapeutic drug used as an ____,

Back 20

anticonvulsant

Front 21

other anticonvulsant resembling phenobarbitol

Back 21

phenytoin (Dilantin)

Front 22

The principal psychoactive agent in marijuana is considered to be _________,

Back 22

delta-9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Front 23

THC binds to the presynaptic neural cannabinoid receptor, ____,

Back 23

CB1

Front 24

CB1 releases the inhibitory neurotransmitter, _______

Back 24

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Front 25

Treatment of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD, Lysergide)

Back 25

quiet and calm environment; diazepam may also be effective

Front 26

Class I cardiotropic drugs block sodium influx in phase I and include quinidine, procainamide and lidocaine. These agents,
especially lidocaine, act by blocking the rapid ____ influx of phase I, decreasing the rate of ventricular diastolic
depolarization.

Back 26

sodium

Front 27

Class II cardiotropic drugs include the beta receptor blockers, like propranol, that inhibit the chronotropic effects of ______
neuroransmitters like epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Back 27

adrenergic

Front 28

Class III cardiotropic drugs, like amiodarone, block repolarizing ______ currents, increasing the length of the action
potential and increase the refractory period.

Back 28

potassium

Front 29

Class IV cardiotropic drugs, of which verapamil is an important member, slow _____ ion influx, resulting in action potential
prolongation. In addition to these classes of drugs, digitalis cardiac glycosides have parasymphathetic-like effects
on the cells of the AV node resulting in slowing of conduction.

Back 29

calcium

Front 30

The general range of therapeutic serum levels is from 9-25 ng/mL.

a) Digitoxin
b) Digoxin

Back 30

a) digitoxin


digioxin's is 0.5-2 ng/dl, so careful with the name

Front 31

If you screw up and dose a pt with a Digitoxin dose of Digoxin, what do you do?

Back 31

Digoxin toxicity is often treated with Digibind

Front 32

What drug?

Toxic side effects include a reversible lupus-like syndrome with elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers, urticaria,
rash, agranulocytosis, and nephrotic syndrome.

Back 32

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

Front 33

Aflatoxin, produced by the fungus _____

Back 33

Aspergillus

Front 34

scent of cyanide

Back 34

bitter almonds,

Front 35

A ______ is utilized to make the definitive diagnosis by measuring the concentration of
blood carboxyhemoglobin.

Back 35

co-oximeter

Front 36

Treatment of CO toxicity

Back 36

100% oxygen