Z16 - Larynx

Front 1

where is the larynx located in relation to the pharynx, trachea, and espohagus? what vertebral level?

Back 1

-between the pharynx superiorly and the trachea inferiorly
-anterior to esophagus
-at vertebral C3-C6 level

Front 2

what is the function of the larynx?

Back 2

acts as a sphincter to guard the lower respiratory tract and allows for phonation

Front 3

that is the entrance to the larynx called?

Back 3

the laryngeal inlet (Auditus)

Front 4

what is the vestibule in the larynx? what is it comparable to?

Back 4

vestibule is superior opening of the larynx from the pharynx.

comparable to the fauces of the oral cavity and choanae of the nasal cavity

Front 5

what are the false vocal cords called, and where are they in relation to the true vocal cords?

Back 5

vestibular folds, superior to true vocal cords

Front 6

where does the ventricle lie?

Back 6

between the two folds

Front 7

the inferior folds of the larynx are called the ______ ____ aka _________ _____ (the superior folds are called the _________ _______)

Back 7

inferior= vocal cords, aka ventricular folds

superior= vestibular folds

Front 8

the rima glottis is the opening between the two

Back 8

vocal folds

Front 9

the cavity below the vocal cords is known as the

Back 9

infraglottic cavity

Front 10

what is inferior to the infraglottic cavity in the larynx?

Back 10

the trachea

Front 11

name the 7 parts of the larynx from the regions between the laryngeal inlet to the trachea (8)

Back 11

1) larnygeal inlet
2) vestibule
3) false vocal cords (vestibular fold)
4) ventricle
5) true vocal cords (ventricular fold)
6) rima glottis
7) infraglottic cavity
8) trachea

Front 12

what does the epiglottis fold over during swallowing?

Back 12

the larynx

-larynx lie in front of esophagus, when swallowing, the epiglottis is pulled forward over its opening to allow food to pass into the esophagus

Front 13

what structures surround the laryngeal auditus (inlet)?

Back 13

the ariepiglottic folds

Front 14

the larynx is made of of bone and cartilage.
-what is the one names bone?
-there are ___ paired and ___ unpaired cartilages here

Back 14

hyoid bone

3 paires, 3 unpaired

Front 15

the 3 unpaired cartilages are

Back 15

the epiglottis
the thyroid cartilage
the cricoid cartilage

Front 16

the 3 paired cartilages are

Back 16

the arytenoid cartilage
the corniculate cartilage
the cuneiform cartilage

Front 17

the _______ is leaf-shaped and attached to the thyroid cartilage

Back 17

the epiglottis

Front 18

the _______ cartilage is an incomplete c-shaped ring with a laryngeal prominence, laminae, a thyroid notch, superior and inferior horn, and an oblique line

Back 18

thyroid cartilage

Front 19

the _______ cartilage is a complete ring (as composed to the _____ cartilage that is incomplete). it has articulate facets for the arytenoid cartilages

Back 19

cricoid cartilage
thyroid cartilage

Front 20

the ________ cartilages are very important because they can rotate medially and laterally.
-what is the result of lateral rotation?
-what is the result of medial rotation?

Back 20

-lateral= the rim of glottis is opened via abduction
-medial= the rim of glottis is closed via adduction

Front 21

the _______ cartilages consist of a pyramidal structure (with a base and apex) and 2 processes (a lateral muscular process and a more medial vocal process)

Back 21

arytenoid

Front 22

on top of the arytenoid cartilages are the _________ and then the ________ cartilages

Back 22

corniculate and cuneiform processes

Front 23

2 joints within the larynx

Back 23

the cricothryroid- between cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage laterally
and cricoarytenoid- between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage posteriorly

Front 24

the following are ______ ligaments of the larynx:
-the hyoepiglottic ligament
-thyrohyoid membrane
-thyroepiglottic ligament
-cricotracheal ligament

Back 24

extinsic

Front 25

the _______ n. and ________ a. pierce the thyrohyoid membrane

Back 25

the internal laryngeal n. (from superior laryngeal n.) and the superior laryngeal a. (from the superior thyroid a.)

Front 26

the following are ______ ligaments of the larynx:
-cricothyroid ligament
-vestibular ligaments (+ mucous mem. form vestibular folds)
-conus elasticus
-vocal ligaments (+ mucous mem. form vocal folds)

Back 26

intrinsic

Front 27

the conus elasticus runs from where to where?

-its superiomedial bordered is actually thickened to form the _____ ____

Back 27

the cricoid cartilage to the true vocal ligament

vocal ligament

Front 28

there a 7 muscles in the larynx. name them

Back 28

1) cricothyroid
2) transverse arytenoid
3) oblique arytenoid
4) posterior cricoarytenoid
5) lateral cricoarytenoid
6) thyroartytenoid
7) vocalis

Front 29

cricothyroid m

A

Back 29

a: chief tensor of vocal folds


**tighten like guitar strings**

Front 30

thyroarytenoid m.

A

Back 30

A: relaxes vocal fold

*fibers run posterior to anterior next to vocal cords... cords relax when they tighten*

Front 31

vocalis m.

A

Back 31

A: adjusts tension of vocal ligament (pitch)

**fibers go directly into the lig, ant to post**

Front 32

posterior cricoarytenoid m

A

Back 32

A: abduct vocal folds

**by pulling muscular attachment in and vocal attachment out

Front 33

lateral cricoarytenoid m

A

Back 33

A: adduct the vocal cords

**by pulling muscular attachment out and the vocal attachment in

Front 34

transverse arytenoid m.

A

Back 34

A: closes rima glottidis, adducts vocal cords

**by pulling arytenoids together

Front 35

oblique arytenoid m.

A

Back 35

A: closes rima glottids, adducts vocal cords

**by pulling arytenoids togegther

Front 36

the oblique arytenoid m. extends superiorly as the _______________m

Back 36

aryepiglottic m.

Front 37

what are the 3 nn discussed in the larynx?

what nerve do the all originate from?

Back 37

the recurrent laryngeal nn
the internal and external laryngeal nn (from the superior laryngeal)

origin: Vagus n (X)

Front 38

what supplies ONLY sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal folds?
-what does it pierce?
-what is it a branch of?
-where is it found posteriorly?

Back 38

the internal laryngeal n.
-the thyrohyoid membrane
-branches from the superior laryngeal n.
-posteriorly found in the piriform recess

Front 39

what n. of the larynx provides only motor innervation to the cricothyoid m.
-where does it branch from?

Back 39

the external laryngeal n.
-the superior laryngeal n.

Front 40

what n. of the laryns provides motor innervation to the m. of the larynx (except 1) and sensory innervation below the vocal folds?
-what is the 1 exception?

Back 40

the recurrent laryngeal nn.
-cricothyroid m (innervated by external laryngeal n.)

Front 41

name the 2 major blood supplies to the larynx and and origins

Back 41

1) superior laryngeal a (<-- superior thyroid a. <-- external carotid a.)
2) inferior laryngeal a. (<-- inferior thyroid a. <-- thyrocervical trunk <-- subclavian a.)

Front 42

what does the superior laryngeal a. enter the larynx with?

Back 42

the internal laryngeal n.

Front 43

what does the inferior laryngeal a. enter the larynx with?

Back 43

the recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 44

what 2 nn provide sensory innervation to the larynx?

Back 44

above vocal folds- internal laryngeal n
below vocal folds- recurrent laryngeal n

Front 45

what 2 nn provide motor innervation to the mm of the larynx?

Back 45

the external laryngeal n (cricothyroid m)
the recurrent laryngeal n. (all other mm)

Front 46

venous drainage of the larynx follows the arterial course and drains into the

Back 46

INTERNAL jugular v.

Front 47

CC: laryngeal carcinoma
risk factors
symptoms
treatment

Back 47

-risks: chewing tobacco, smoking, alcohol
-symp: dysphagia and dysphonia
-treat: laryngectomy

Front 48

CC: injury to recurrent laryngeal n.
result
cause

Back 48

-result: vocal cords paralyzed (no ab/aduction on affected side) therefore hoarseness and stridor (high pitched noisy respiration) occur
-cause: disease in chest (smoking, laryngitis, chest cold) can effect by inflammation or compression of the recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 49

CC: injury to external laryngeal n.
result
voice impact?

Back 49

-paralyzed cricothyroid m.
-cannot vary tone of voice (MONOTONE); b/c cannot tense--> flaccid cords)

Front 50

CC: age changes affect larynx
cause
result

Back 50

testosterone in pubescent males causes enlargement of the laryngeal cavity and all laryngeal cartilages, the vocal folds lengthen and thicken, and the vocal pitch drops 1 octave